Chapter 36,55, 58-60

Question 1

Parenchyma

Answer 1

Function in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion

Question 2

Collenchyma

Answer 2

Provide support and protection

Question 3

Sclerenchyma

Answer 3

Provide support and protection

Question 4

Prop roots

Answer 4

Keep the plant upright

Question 5

Aerial roots

Answer 5

Obtain water from the air

Question 6

Pneumatophores

Answer 6

Facilitate oxygen uptake

Question 7

Contractile roots

Answer 7

Pull plant deeper into soil

Question 8

Parasitic roots

Answer 8

Penetrate host plants

Question 9

Food storage roots

Answer 9

Store carbohydrates

Question 10

Water storage roots

Answer 10

Weigh 50 kg or more

Question 11

Buttress roots

Answer 11

Provide considerable stability

Question 12

Differences between monocot and (eu)dicot

Answer 12

In monocots, there is no vascular cambium – no secondary growth
Monocot vascular bundles are usually scattered throughout ground tissue system
Eudicot vascular tissue is arranged in a ring with internal ground tissue (pith) and external ground tissue (cortex)
In eudicots, a vascular cambium develops between the primary xylem and phloem

Question 13

Optimal foraging theory

Answer 13

natural selection favors individuals whose foraging behavior is energetically efficient

Question 14

Parental investment and which sex usually has larger investment

Answer 14

contributions each sex makes in producing and rearing offspring
       Females have higher 
             investment
      Eggs larger than sperm
      Females are usually 
              responsible for 
              gestation and 
              lactation, or yolk 
              production

Question 15

Top-down effect and example

Answer 15

when effects flow down a trophic chain
Stream enclosures with large carnivorous fish have fewer primary carnivores, more herbivorous insects, and a lower level of algae

Question 16

Bottom-up effect and example

Answer 16

when effect flows up through a trophic chain

primary productivity is low, producer populations cannot support herbivore populations

Question 17

Name 7 biomes

Answer 17

Temperate deciduous forest.
Coniferous forest.
Woodland.
Chaparral.
Tundra.
Grassland.
Desert.
Tropical savanna

Question 18

Describe El Nino

Answer 18

2–7 years on an irregular and unpredictable basis
Coastline waters become profoundly warm
Primary productivity unusually low
Weakening of the east-to-west Trade Winds
Upwelling continues, but only recirculates the thick warm surface layer

Question 19

What is DDT and why is it harmful

Answer 19

highly effective insecticide, sprayed in United States after WWII
Populations of ospreys, bald eagles, and brown pelicans plummeted

Question 20

Correlation between CO2 and global warming

Answer 20

Human activities are now changing the composition of the atmosphere; increasing the CO2 and other gas levels. Because of the increase, global temperatures are increasing, causing global warming

Question 21

4 ways habitats are adversely affected by humans

Answer 21

Clear-cut harvesting of timber
Burning of tropical forests
Urban and industrial development
Habitat fragmentation

Question 22

Introduced species and why they are harmful

Answer 22

When a new and aggressive species is introduced into an ecosystem, it might not have any natural predators or controls. It can breed and spread quickly, taking over an area. Native wildlife may not have evolved defenses against the invader or they cannot compete with a species that has no predator.s

Question 23

example of why introduced species are bad`

Answer 23

Nile perch introduced in 1954
No problems for decades
Cichlid population boomed due to eutrophication – Nile perch ate them all