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Biology 11 > Chapter 36/37 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 36/37 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

How can we save water? ⭐️

A
  1. Remove salt from sea water
  2. Reuse treated waste water
  3. Shorter showers
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2
Q

Ecology

A

Study of living and non-living things

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3
Q

Biotic

A

Living

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4
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living

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5
Q

Organisms live based on 4 factors:

A
  1. Medium
  2. Climate
  3. Geography
  4. Altitude
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6
Q

For organisms to live they need 5 main elements

A
  1. Phosphorus
    Need for bones, DNA, energy (ATP). Obtained by leaching out of rocks
  2. Water
    97% of water is in oceans
    Movement is essential to life -> weather
  3. Nitrogen
    Living things can’t use nitrogen (N2) directly
    Plants such as beans/peas have bacteria on their roots to convert nitrogen to nitrites/NO2 and nitrates/NO3
    Can be used to make proteins. Process of N2 to NO2/NO3 is called nitrogen fixation, can also be done by lightning.

Day/Night Cycle
Earth rotation (day) and revolution (year)
Effects:
A) Temperature changes -> ability of plants to make food and grow
B) Circadian rhythm -> sleeping cycle

Carbon Cycle
Humans are 18% carbon
Plants: CO2+H2O+energy -> photosynthesis C6H12O6+O2
Humans: O2+O6H12C6

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7
Q

Population Growth Methods ⭐️

A

Arithmetic: Population grows at constant differences. Ex: 2, 4, 6, 8
(Straight line in graph)

Geometric: Population grows at constant multiple. Ex: 2, 4, 8, 16
(Curved line in graph)

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8
Q

Control Factors

A

Population won’t grow indefinitely. Each population has a carrying capacity

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9
Q

Carrying capacity is set by 2 factors

A
  1. Density-Dependent Factors

2. Density Independent Factors

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10
Q

Competition within

A

Plants - Chemicals to make boundaries.
Ex: Shade, drop zones, reproduction times

Animals - Spread out, boundaries, predation

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11
Q

Population Density ⭐️

A

Number of organism species in an area

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12
Q

Carrying capacity ⭐️

A

Number of individuals of a species that an environment can support

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13
Q

Density-dependant factors

A

Factors determined by effect as population density increases/decreases:
•Reproduction/Death rate
•Predation, disease, migration, competition

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14
Q

Density-independent factors

A

Population factors that are not influenced by population density
•Natural disasters
•Temperature

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15
Q

Home range

A

Area to which an individual/small group of animals confines its activities

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16
Q

Malnutrition

A

Diet that lacks nutrition

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17
Q

Monoculturing

A

Devoting a plot of land to the growth of a single plant species

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18
Q

Terracing

A

Farming on soil built across a slope to reduce erosion caused by water running rapidly down the hillside

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19
Q

Contour framing

A

Farming plants across a slope to slow water runoff

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20
Q

Strip cropping

A

Planting strips of shallow-rooted crops that alternate with crops whose roots hold soil

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21
Q

Water table

A

Under the ground that’s saturated with water

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22
Q

Acid rain

A

Low pH of precipitation caused by pollution in the air

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23
Q

Temperature inversion

A

Air near the ground is cooler than the air layer above it

24
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

Carbon dioxide absorbs heat radiated from earth

25
Q

Eutrophication

A

Aging and death of organisms in a pond/lake

26
Q

Biological magnification

A

Concentration of chemicals from each trophic level

27
Q

Thermal pollution

A

Addition of waste heat to either air or water

28
Q

Fresh water

A

Water in streams, lakes, ponds, marshes and swamps

29
Q

Marine

A

Related to the ocean, as organisms or conditions.

30
Q

Estuary

A

Enclosed portion of the sea that is fed by a freshwater system

31
Q

Humus

A

Decomposed remains of organisms and their waste

32
Q

Biome

A

Area of earth that is characterized by certain life forms

33
Q

Abiotic environment

A

Nonliving environment which organisms interact

34
Q

Pioneer species

A

First organisms to become established in an area

35
Q

Ecologic succession

A

Replacement of one community by another

36
Q

Climax community

A

Final community in ecological succession

37
Q

Habitat

A

Place where organisms live

38
Q

Niche

A

Role that organisms play in the ecosystem

39
Q

Water cycle

A 
Water 
Ocean
Atmosphere
Land 
Ocean
40
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Nitrogen chemically combines in the atmosphere with other elements

41
Q

Nitrificarion

A

Formulation of nitrates by bacteria

42
Q

Food chain

A

Producers, consumers and decomposers

43
Q

Omnivore

A

Animal that eats plant and animal tissue

44
Q

Symbiosis

A

Relationship that organisms have as they live together and interact

45
Q

Competition

A

2 individuals/species limit one another’s supply of food, shelter or mates

46
Q

Mutualism

A

Relationship between 2 species in which each one benefits by activity of the other

47
Q

Commensalism

A

Relationship when only one member benefits while the other is unaffected

48
Q

Net productivity

A

Amount of energy stored by each square meter of land

49
Q

Limiting factor

A

Limits the survival and productivity of an organism

50
Q

Pyramid of energy

A

Decrease in energy production along a food chain

51
Q

Cultural energy

A

Energy supplied by humans, their animals, or their machines to raise crops and livestock

52
Q

Efficiency

A

Net productivity of tropic level compared to the next

53
Q

Food web

A

Food chains are connected to make complex food webs.

54
Q

Predator-Prey

A

Predator eats prey

55
Q

Parasite-Host

A

Parasite lives at the expense of another organism without killing it

Biology 11 (6 decks)

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