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Biology 11 > Chapter 36/37 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 36/37 Test Flashcards

1
Q

How can we save water? ⭐️

A
  1. Remove salt from sea water
  2. Reuse treated waste water
  3. Shorter showers
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2
Q

Ecology

A

Study of living and non-living things

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3
Q

Biotic

A

Living

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4
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living

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5
Q

Organisms live based on 4 factors:

A
  1. Medium
  2. Climate
  3. Geography
  4. Altitude
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6
Q

For organisms to live they need 5 main elements

A
  1. Phosphorus
    Need for bones, DNA, energy (ATP). Obtained by leaching out of rocks
  2. Water
    97% of water is in oceans
    Movement is essential to life -> weather
  3. Nitrogen
    Living things can’t use nitrogen (N2) directly
    Plants such as beans/peas have bacteria on their roots to convert nitrogen to nitrites/NO2 and nitrates/NO3
    Can be used to make proteins. Process of N2 to NO2/NO3 is called nitrogen fixation, can also be done by lightning.

Day/Night Cycle
Earth rotation (day) and revolution (year)
Effects:
A) Temperature changes -> ability of plants to make food and grow
B) Circadian rhythm -> sleeping cycle

Carbon Cycle
Humans are 18% carbon
Plants: CO2+H2O+energy -> photosynthesis C6H12O6+O2
Humans: O2+O6H12C6

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7
Q

Population Growth Methods ⭐️

A

Arithmetic: Population grows at constant differences. Ex: 2, 4, 6, 8
(Straight line in graph)

Geometric: Population grows at constant multiple. Ex: 2, 4, 8, 16
(Curved line in graph)

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8
Q

Control Factors

A

Population won’t grow indefinitely. Each population has a carrying capacity

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9
Q

Carrying capacity is set by 2 factors

A
  1. Density-Dependent Factors

2. Density Independent Factors

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10
Q

Competition within

A

Plants - Chemicals to make boundaries.
Ex: Shade, drop zones, reproduction times

Animals - Spread out, boundaries, predation

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11
Q

Population Density ⭐️

A

Number of organism species in an area

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12
Q

Carrying capacity ⭐️

A

Number of individuals of a species that an environment can support

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13
Q

Density-dependant factors

A

Factors determined by effect as population density increases/decreases:
•Reproduction/Death rate
•Predation, disease, migration, competition

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14
Q

Density-independent factors

A

Population factors that are not influenced by population density
•Natural disasters
•Temperature

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15
Q

Home range

A

Area to which an individual/small group of animals confines its activities

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16
Q

Malnutrition

A

Diet that lacks nutrition

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17
Q

Monoculturing

A

Devoting a plot of land to the growth of a single plant species

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18
Q

Terracing

A

Farming on soil built across a slope to reduce erosion caused by water running rapidly down the hillside

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19
Q

Contour framing

A

Farming plants across a slope to slow water runoff

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20
Q

Strip cropping

A

Planting strips of shallow-rooted crops that alternate with crops whose roots hold soil

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21
Q

Water table

A

Under the ground that’s saturated with water

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22
Q

Acid rain

A

Low pH of precipitation caused by pollution in the air

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23
Q

Temperature inversion

A

Air near the ground is cooler than the air layer above it

24
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

Carbon dioxide absorbs heat radiated from earth

25
Eutrophication
Aging and death of organisms in a pond/lake
26
Biological magnification
Concentration of chemicals from each trophic level
27
Thermal pollution
Addition of waste heat to either air or water
28
Fresh water
Water in streams, lakes, ponds, marshes and swamps
29
Marine
Related to the ocean, as organisms or conditions.
30
Estuary
Enclosed portion of the sea that is fed by a freshwater system
31
Humus
Decomposed remains of organisms and their waste
32
Biome
Area of earth that is characterized by certain life forms
33
Abiotic environment
Nonliving environment which organisms interact
34
Pioneer species
First organisms to become established in an area
35
Ecologic succession
Replacement of one community by another
36
Climax community
Final community in ecological succession
37
Habitat
Place where organisms live
38
Niche
Role that organisms play in the ecosystem
39
Water cycle
``` Water Ocean Atmosphere Land Ocean ```
40
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen chemically combines in the atmosphere with other elements
41
Nitrificarion
Formulation of nitrates by bacteria
42
Food chain
Producers, consumers and decomposers
43
Omnivore
Animal that eats plant and animal tissue
44
Symbiosis
Relationship that organisms have as they live together and interact
45
Competition
2 individuals/species limit one another's supply of food, shelter or mates
46
Mutualism
Relationship between 2 species in which each one benefits by activity of the other
47
Commensalism
Relationship when only one member benefits while the other is unaffected
48
Net productivity
Amount of energy stored by each square meter of land
49
Limiting factor
Limits the survival and productivity of an organism
50
Pyramid of energy
Decrease in energy production along a food chain
51
Cultural energy
Energy supplied by humans, their animals, or their machines to raise crops and livestock
52
Efficiency
Net productivity of tropic level compared to the next
53
Food web
Food chains are connected to make complex food webs.
54
Predator-Prey
Predator eats prey
55
Parasite-Host
Parasite lives at the expense of another organism without killing it

Biology 11 (6 decks)

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