Chapter 18 - Bacteria

Question 1

Flagella

Answer 1

Long whiplike strands that extend from a cell and cause cell movement

Question 2

Parasite

Answer 2

Organism that lives on or in the body of another organism and receives nourishment

Question 3

Pathogen

Answer 3

Disease causing bacteria

Question 4

Mycoplasma

Answer 4

Tiny virus-like organisms in many severe diseases

Question 5

Rickettsia

Answer 5

Cellular organisms responsible for many diseases

Question 6

Growth Medium

Answer 6

Nutrients mixed with agar to form a medium for growth of bacteria

Question 7

Decomposer

Answer 7

Consumer that derives nourishment by breaking down dead organisms and wastes

Question 8

Fever

Answer 8

Increased body temperature reacting to infection

Question 9

Chemotherapy

Answer 9

Synthetic drugs to fight infection

Question 10

Sterile Technique

Answer 10

1. Wash area and hands
2. Sterilize inoculating loop
3. Sterilize bacteria tube
4. Transfer bacteria to agar plate and spread
5. Repeat 3, 2, 1
6. Place agar upside down, deal with name and place in incubator

Question 11

Coccus/Cocci

Answer 11

•Circle

a) Coccus - Single
b) Diplococcus - Pairs
c) Streptococcus- Chains

Question 12

Bacillus/Bacilli

Answer 12

•Rod

a) Bacillus and streptobacilli forms

Question 13

Spirillum/Spirilla

Answer 13

•Spiral

a) Single form only

Question 14

Reproduction Methods

Answer 14

1. Binary Fission
   Asexual reproduction of organisms by splitting cell in half
   Pros: •Fast
   •Lots

Cons: •All the same

2. Conjugation
   Sexual reproduction when 2 cells join, DNA, nucleus or cell contents from 1 cell passes into the other and recipient cell undergoes division
   Pros: •Superbugs
   Cons: •Slow
3. Endospores
   Spore formes from a bacteria cell during unfavourable conditions

Question 15

Ways Bacteria Obtain Energy

Answer 15

1. Autotrophic (Photosynthetic and Chemosynthetic)
2. Hererotrophic
3. Saprophyte
4. Parasitic

Question 16

Levels of Oxygen

Answer 16

1. Obligate Aerobe - Aerobes that can’t live without oxygen
2. Facultative Anaerobe - Aerobes that use fermentation when oxygen isn’t present
3. Obligate Anaerobe - Can’t tolerate oxygen

Question 17

Major Bacterial STD’s

Answer 17

• Gonorrhoea

* Syphilis

Question 18

How Can E.Coli Be a Pathogen?

Answer 18

E. coli live in our intestines. They become pathogenic when they leave our intestines and chase internal bleeding and diarrhea

Question 19

4 Methods to Control Bacteria Growth

Answer 19

1. Nutrition
2. Temperature
3. Sterilization
4. Ozone

Question 20

3 Drugs Control Bacteria Growth

Answer 20

1. Antibiotics - Kill bacteria by breaking cell wall
2. Antitoxins - Deactivate bacteria’s toxin’s
3. Toxoids - Weak toxina that make body produce antibodies

Question 21

Immune System & Bacteria

Answer 21

Controlled by white blood cells

• Phagocytes
• Lymphocytes