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Wilkins > Chapter 35 > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is fluoride important?

A

Helps aid in sensitivity reduction. Plugs up tubules, helps strengthen enamel by demineralization

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2
Q

How is fluoride delivered?

A

Topically (trays, gel, rinse) orally (tablet)

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3
Q

What is the summary of fluoride action?

A

Inhibit demineralization, enhance remineralization, inhibit bacterial activity by inhibiting emulate an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates.

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4
Q

What is fluoridation?

A

Adjustment of the natural fluoride ion content of a domestic municipal water supply

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5
Q

What is defluoridation?

A

When fluoride is removed from a community water supply.

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6
Q

What does table 13-1 include?

A

1

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7
Q

What are risk factors for fluoride treatments?

A

1

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8
Q

Which foods contain fluoride?

A

1

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9
Q

2.0 % sodium fluoride?

A

Trays or foam (porcelain)

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10
Q

1.23% acidulated phosphate

A

Gel or foam apply a thin layer

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11
Q

5% sodium fluoride NaF neutral or or 7 pH

A

Varnish, apply a thin layer

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12
Q

Varnish technique?

A

1

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13
Q

Tray technique?

A

1

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14
Q

Take home tray technique?

A

1

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15
Q

Who are fluoride mouthrinses indicated for?

A

Self application for individuals at moderate or high caries risk, pt’smwitn areas of demineralization, root exposure.

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16
Q

Who are the trays indicated for?

A

I

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17
Q

Who are fluoride dentifrices indicated for?

A

Caries prevention

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18
Q

Fluoride safety?

A

Toxic overdose should be avoided

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19
Q

What are signs of fluoride overdose?

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increased salivation thirst.

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20
Q

What is chronic toxicity?

A

long-term ingestion of fluoride in amounts that exceed the approved therapeutic level

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21
Q

What is dental fluorosis?

A

Y

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22
Q

True or False

Epidemiological evidence shows maximum caries inhibiting affect when there is systemic exposure before tooth eruption, and frequent topical exposure throughout life.

A

True

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23
Q

True or False

Milk binds to fluoride

A

True

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24
Q

True or False

Fluoride is rapidly absorbed by passive diffusion in the stomach

A

True (most is absorbed within 60 minutes)

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25
Q

True or False

The fluoride ion (F) is stored as an integral part of the crystal lattice of teeth and bones. The amount varies with the amount of intake, exposure, age, stage of development of the individual.

A

True

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26
Q

Definition of abrasive system

A

substances with cleaning and polishing properties utilized in the formulation of a dentifrice; to be compatible with fluoride compounds and other ingredients and not alter the tooth structure unfavorably

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27
Q

Definition of acidogenic

A

producing acid or acidity

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28
Q

Definition of apatite

A

a group of minerals of the general formula wherein the X might include hydroxyl (OH), carbonate (CO), fluoride (F), or oxygen (O); crystalline mineral component of hard tissues (bones and teeth)

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29
Q

Definition of hydroxyapatite

A

the form of apatite that is the principal mineral component of teeth, bones, and calculus

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30
Q

Definition of fluorapatite

A

the form of hydroxyapatite in which fluoride ions have replaced some of the hydroxyl ions; with fluoride, the apatite is less soluble and therefore more resistant to the acids formed from carbohydrate intake

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31
Q

Definition of fluorhydroxyapatite

A

apatite formed when low concentrations of fluoride react with tooth mineral; at higher concentrates, calcium fluoride is formed

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32
Q

Definition of cariogenic challenge

A

exposure of a tooth surface to an acid attack; acid is from the action of dental biofilm and cariogenic food ingested

33
Q

Definition of cariostatic

A

exerting an inhibitory action on the progress of dental caries

34
Q

Definition of defluoridation

A

lowering the amount of fluoride in fluoridated water to an optimum level for the prevention of dental caries and dental fluorisis

35
Q

Definition of demineralization

A

breakdown of the tooth structure with a loss of mineral content, primarily calcium and phosphorus

36
Q

Definition of dilution

A

the reduction in the absolute measurable benefits of the effectiveness of an intervention

37
Q

Definition of efficacy

A

with reference to a product: an efficacious product produces a statistically and clinically significant benefit under ideal testing conditions in carefully controlled clinical trials

38
Q

Definition of fluoride

A

a salt of hydrofluoric acid; the ionized form of fluorine that occurs in many tissues and is stored primarily in bones and teeth

39
Q

Definition of fluorosis

A

form of enamel hypo mineralization de to excessive ingestion of fluoride during the development and mineralization of the teeth; depending on the length of exposure and the ppm of the fluoride, the fluorosed areaway appear as a small white spot as a severe brown staining with pitting

40
Q

Definition of gel

A

semisolid or solid phase of a colloidal solution

41
Q

Definition of glycolysis

A

process by which sugar is metabolized by bacteria to produce acid

42
Q

Definition of hypocalcification

A

deficient calcification

43
Q

Definition of enamel hypocalcification

A

defect of enamel maturation caused by hereditary or systemic irregularities

44
Q

Definition of halo (diffusion effect)

A

occurs when foods and beverages processed in a fluoridated community are imported and consumed in a non fluoridated community

45
Q

Definition of maturation

A

stage of process of becoming mature or attaining maximal development

46
Q

Definition of OTC

A

over the counter

47
Q

Definition of prevented fraction

A

proportion of disease occurrence in a population that is averted due to an intervention

48
Q

Definition of ppm

A

parts per million; measure used to designate the amount of fluoride used for optimum level in fluoridated water

49
Q

Definition of remineralization

A

restoration of mineral elements in a tooth surface

50
Q

Definition of rx

A

prescription

51
Q

Definition of subsurface lesion

A

demineralized area below the surface of the enamel created by acid that has passed through micropores between enamel rods

52
Q

Definition of thixotropic

A

type of gel that sets in a gel-like state but becomes fluid under stress

53
Q

Definition of white spot

A

term used to describe a small area on the surface of enamel that contrasts in appearance with the rest of the surface and may be visible only when the tooth is dried

54
Q

True or False

Plasma carries the fluoride for its distribution and elimination throughout the body

A

True

55
Q

True or False

Most fluoride is excreted through the kidneys in the urine with a small amount excreted by sweat glands and feces

A

True

56
Q

True or False

Hypomineralized enamel absorbs fluoride in greater quantities than sound enamel

A

True

57
Q

True or False

Saliva and biofilm are reservoirs for fluoride so it is available for remineralization when needed

A

True

58
Q

True or False

Fluoride enhances remineralization by adsorbing to the crystal surface and attracting calcium and phosphate ions

A

True

59
Q

True or False

At high concentrations, fluoride interferes with the growth and metabolism of bacteria

A

True

60
Q

True or False

Topical fluoride inhibits demineralization and enhances remineralization of incipient lesions

A

True

61
Q

True or False

Fluoride inhibits bacterial activity by inhibiting enolase (an enzyme) needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates

A

True

62
Q

Sodium fluoride supplements are available in which form?

A

Tablets
oral drops
lozenges

63
Q

What are the dosages available for fluoride tablets, drops and lozenges?

A

0.25, 0.50, 1 mg

64
Q

True or False

Determination of the child’s risk for dental caries must be considered before the use of fluoride supplements

A

True

65
Q

True or False

For children ages 6 years or younger, varnish is the only topical method recommended

A

True

66
Q

Indications for fluoride application for low caries risk?

A

use professional judgement

application may not provide additional benefits

67
Q

Indications for fluoride application for moderate caries risk?

A

application at 6 month intervals or more frequent

68
Q

Indications for fluoride application for high caries risk?

A

application at 6 month or 3 month intervals

69
Q

Sodium fluoride is also called neutral sodium fluoride because?

A

due to its neutral pH of 7.0, contains 9050 ppm fluoride ions

70
Q

1.23 acidulated phosphate fluoride contains?

A

12,300 ppm fluoride ions

71
Q

True or False

APF can etch porcelain and composite materials (restorations)

A

True

72
Q

True or False

Varnish is effective in reversing active enamel lesions in primary dentition

A

True it can remineralize the enamel lesions

73
Q

True or False

Varnish is effective in reducing demineralization areas around orthodontic brackets

A

True

74
Q

Over the counter fluoride has what concentration?

A

1500 ppm

75
Q

What gels are available by prescription?

A
  1. 1% NaF (5000 ppm)

1. 1% acidulated phosphate APF (5000 ppm)

76
Q

What is the concentration for over the counter fluoride rinse is?

A

0.05% NaF (230 ppm)

77
Q

What is acute toxicity?

A

rapid intake of excess dose over a short period of time

78
Q

What is the emergency treatment for toxic overdose?

A

induce vomiting

after vomiting, give patient milk

Wilkins (15 decks)

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