Chapter 35 Flashcards
Integumentary system structures
Skin, hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands
Nervous system structures
Brain, spinal chord, nerves
Respiratory structures
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs
Digestive structures
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum
Excretory structures
Skin, lungs, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Skeletal structures
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
Muscular structures
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
Circulatory structures
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Endocrine system
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes
Reproductive system structures
Testes, epididymis, vas deferents, urethra, penis, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina
Lymphatic structures
White blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels
Nervous system functions
Recognize and coordinate the body’s response to changes in environments
Integumentary system functions
Serves as a barrier against infection and injury, helps to regulate body temperature, provides protection against uv rays from the sun
Respiratory functions
Provides O2 needed for cellular respiration and removes excess CO2 from the body
Digestive system functions
Converts foods into simpler molecules that can be used by the body cells of the body, absorbs foods, eliminates waste
Excretory system functions
Eliminates waste products to maintain homeostasis
Skeletal system functions
Supports the body, protects internal organs, allows movement, stores mineral reserves, provides a site for blood cell formation
Muscular system functions
Brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, fights infection, removes cell wastes, helps to regulate body temperature
Endocrine system functions
Controls growth development, and metabolism, maintains homeostasis
Reproductive system functions
Produces reproductive cells and nurtures embryos in females
Lymphatic/Immune system functions
Helps protect the body from disease, collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns the fluid to the circulatory system
Includes glands and tissues that cover interior and exterior surfaces
Epithelial tissue
Provides support for the body and connects its parts
Connective tissue
Transmits nerve impulses
Nervous tissue
Enables the body to move along with bones
Muscle tissue
Negative feedback- the process in which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus
Feedback inhibition
The nervous system…
Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli
Electrical signals
Impulses
Cells that transmit impulses/ functional unit of the nervous system
Neurons
3 types of neurons
- Sensory neuron
- Motor neuron
- Interneuron
Transports info from sense organ to brain
Sensory neurons
Takes info from brain to muscles for response
Motor neuron
Carry impulses between sensory and motor neurons
Interneuron
Largest part of a neuron
Cell body
Short fibers that bring the signal into the body
Dendrite
Long fibers that carry impulses away from the cell body
Axon
Insulator: allows impulses to jump from node to node
Myelin sheath
Contain neurotransmitters which communicate across synapses to dendrites of other cells
Axon terminals
Outside of cell net charge
Positive
Inside of cell net charge
Negative
Cell membrane charge
Electrically charged
Sodium potassium directions
Sodium out, potassium in
Electrical charge across the cell membrane of a neuron in its resting state
Resting potential
Reversal of charges, a nerve impulse
Action potential
Minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron
Threshold
Location whet a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell
Synapse
Chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell
Neurotransmitter
Three layers of connective tissue that wrap the brain and spinal chord
Meninges
Fluid between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber and a protector to the CNS
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrum functions
Voluntary, conscious movement, intelligence, and judgement
Connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum
Corpus callosum
4 lobes and their functions
- Frontal lobe- emotions and judgement
- temporal lobe- Hearing and memory
- Occipital lobe- vision
- Parietal lobe- spatial, touch, and reading
Processes info from sense organs and controls movement
Gray matter
Connects cerebral cortex and brain stem
White matter
Cerebellum functions
Coordinates and balances acting of muscles to move efficiently
Brain stem functions
Involuntary functions- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing
Make up the brain stem
Pons and medulla oblongata
Thalamus functions
Receives messages from all sensory receptors then relays info to region of cerebrum for processing
Hypothalamus functions
Controls thirst, hunger, fatigue, anger, body temperature
Divisions in the peripheral nervous system
Motor division and sensory division
Divisions of the motor division
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
divisions in the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
React to specific stimuli by sending impulses to other neurons
Sensory receptors
5 types of receptors
PPMTC Pain Photo Mechano Thermo Chemo
Small opening inside the iris
Pupil
