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Biology > Chapter 35 > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Flashcards

0
Q

Integumentary system structures

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands

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1
Q

Nervous system structures

A

Brain, spinal chord, nerves

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2
Q

Respiratory structures

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

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3
Q

Digestive structures

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum

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4
Q

Excretory structures

A

Skin, lungs, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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5
Q

Skeletal structures

A

Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

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6
Q

Muscular structures

A

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

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7
Q

Circulatory structures

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood

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8
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes

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9
Q

Reproductive system structures

A

Testes, epididymis, vas deferents, urethra, penis, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

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10
Q

Lymphatic structures

A

White blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels

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11
Q

Nervous system functions

A

Recognize and coordinate the body’s response to changes in environments

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12
Q

Integumentary system functions

A

Serves as a barrier against infection and injury, helps to regulate body temperature, provides protection against uv rays from the sun

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13
Q

Respiratory functions

A

Provides O2 needed for cellular respiration and removes excess CO2 from the body

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14
Q

Digestive system functions

A

Converts foods into simpler molecules that can be used by the body cells of the body, absorbs foods, eliminates waste

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15
Q

Excretory system functions

A

Eliminates waste products to maintain homeostasis

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16
Q

Skeletal system functions

A

Supports the body, protects internal organs, allows movement, stores mineral reserves, provides a site for blood cell formation

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17
Q

Muscular system functions

A

Brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, fights infection, removes cell wastes, helps to regulate body temperature

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18
Q

Endocrine system functions

A

Controls growth development, and metabolism, maintains homeostasis

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19
Q

Reproductive system functions

A

Produces reproductive cells and nurtures embryos in females

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20
Q

Lymphatic/Immune system functions

A

Helps protect the body from disease, collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns the fluid to the circulatory system

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21
Q

Includes glands and tissues that cover interior and exterior surfaces

A

Epithelial tissue

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22
Q

Provides support for the body and connects its parts

A

Connective tissue

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23
Q

Transmits nerve impulses

A

Nervous tissue

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24
Q

Enables the body to move along with bones

A

Muscle tissue

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25
Q

Negative feedback- the process in which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus

A

Feedback inhibition

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26
Q

The nervous system…

A

Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli

27
Q

Electrical signals

A

Impulses

28
Q

Cells that transmit impulses/ functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neurons

29
Q

3 types of neurons

A
  1. Sensory neuron
  2. Motor neuron
  3. Interneuron
30
Q

Transports info from sense organ to brain

A

Sensory neurons

31
Q

Takes info from brain to muscles for response

A

Motor neuron

32
Q

Carry impulses between sensory and motor neurons

A

Interneuron

33
Q

Largest part of a neuron

A

Cell body

34
Q

Short fibers that bring the signal into the body

A

Dendrite

35
Q

Long fibers that carry impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

36
Q

Insulator: allows impulses to jump from node to node

A

Myelin sheath

37
Q

Contain neurotransmitters which communicate across synapses to dendrites of other cells

A

Axon terminals

38
Q

Outside of cell net charge

A

Positive

39
Q

Inside of cell net charge

A

Negative

40
Q

Cell membrane charge

A

Electrically charged

41
Q

Sodium potassium directions

A

Sodium out, potassium in

42
Q

Electrical charge across the cell membrane of a neuron in its resting state

A

Resting potential

43
Q

Reversal of charges, a nerve impulse

A

Action potential

44
Q

Minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron

A

Threshold

45
Q

Location whet a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell

A

Synapse

46
Q

Chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell

A

Neurotransmitter

47
Q

Three layers of connective tissue that wrap the brain and spinal chord

A

Meninges

48
Q

Fluid between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber and a protector to the CNS

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

49
Q

Cerebrum functions

A

Voluntary, conscious movement, intelligence, and judgement

50
Q

Connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

Corpus callosum

51
Q

4 lobes and their functions

A
  1. Frontal lobe- emotions and judgement
  2. temporal lobe- Hearing and memory
  3. Occipital lobe- vision
  4. Parietal lobe- spatial, touch, and reading
52
Q

Processes info from sense organs and controls movement

A

Gray matter

53
Q

Connects cerebral cortex and brain stem

A

White matter

54
Q

Cerebellum functions

A

Coordinates and balances acting of muscles to move efficiently

55
Q

Brain stem functions

A

Involuntary functions- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing

56
Q

Make up the brain stem

A

Pons and medulla oblongata

57
Q

Thalamus functions

A

Receives messages from all sensory receptors then relays info to region of cerebrum for processing

58
Q

Hypothalamus functions

A

Controls thirst, hunger, fatigue, anger, body temperature

59
Q

Divisions in the peripheral nervous system

A

Motor division and sensory division

60
Q

Divisions of the motor division

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

61
Q

divisions in the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

62
Q

React to specific stimuli by sending impulses to other neurons

A

Sensory receptors

63
Q

5 types of receptors

A 
PPMTC
Pain
Photo
Mechano
Thermo
Chemo
64
Q

Small opening inside the iris

A

Pupil

Biology (9 decks)

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