Chapter 26 Flashcards
Hollow ball of cells that fold in on oneself
Blastula
Tissues that are unique to animals
Nervous and muscle
Early development in animals
Zygote -> blastula -> blastopore -> deuterostome or protostome
Mouth forms form blastopore
Protostome
Anus forms from blastopore
Deuterostome
What does the endoderm become
Digestive track
What does the ectoderm become?
Sensory organs, nerves, and skin
What does the mesoderm become?
Muscles, circulatory, and excretory systems
Only animal without symmetry
Sponges
Animal example of radial symmetry
Sea anemone
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
Dorsal
Top
Ventral
Bottom
Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of the body
Cephalization
A fluid filled space that lies between the digestive tract and the body wall
Body cavity
What does the body cavity protect?
Organs
Sponge phylum
Porifera
Meaning of the word Porifera
Pore bearers (gas exchange)
Sessile (definition)
Stationary
Sponge symmetry
Asymmetrical
Used to circulate water along with flagella (specialized cell) (sponges)
Chanocytes
Opening at the top of the sponge
Osculum
Spike shaped structure made of calcium carbonate (sponges)
Spicule
Forms spicule (sponges)
Archaeocytes
Use of archaeocytes (sponges)
Intracellularly digest food
Respiration, circulation, and excretion in sponges
Diffusion
Response in sponges
Toxins
Gender of sponges
Hermaphrodites
Groups of archaeocytes surrounded by a layer of spicules (asexual reproduction)
Gemmules
Why are cnidarians called “true animals”?
They have tissues and symmetry
Specialized cells that move around within the cells (Porifera)
Archaeocytes
Soft body carnivore with stinging cells on tentacles
Cnidarian
Stinging filled cells on tentacles
Cnidocytes
Poison filled stinging structure with a tightly coiled dart
Nematocysts
Symmetry of cnidarians
Radial symmetry (central mouth surrounded by tentacles)
Life cycle stages of cnidarians
Polyp -> Medusa
Important structure found on cnidarians
Gastrovascular cavity
3 types of tissue in the gastrovascular cavity
- Gastroderm
- Epidermis
- Mesoglea
Outer layer (cnidarians)
Epidermis
Inner lining (cnidarians)
Gastroderm
Middle layer (cnidarians)
Mesoderm
2 feeding structures in cnidarians
Tentacles and gastrovascular cavity
Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion in Cnidarians
Diffusion
Digestive chamber with one opening
Gastrovascular cavity
Loosely organized network of cells that are going to detect stimuli around them (cnidarians)
Nerve net
Groups of sensory cells that are used to detect direction of gravity
Statocysts
Eyespots used to detect light (Cnidarian)
Ocelli
Layer of circular muscles and a layer of longitudinal muscles along with the gastrovascular cavity allows for jet propulsion
Hydrostatic skeleton
Asexual reproduction in Cnidarians
Budding- polyps
Sexual reproduction process of Cnidarians
Sperm released into water -> fertilized egg develops into larva -> larva develops into a polyp -> polyps bud to form medusas which release gametes
Jellyfish class
Scyphozoa
Portuguese man of war class
Hydrozoa
Sea anemone and coral class
Anthozoa
