Chapter 30-34 Flashcards
Develops into backbone in chordates
Notochord
What is a chordate?
Has a hollow nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail
Develops into spine/nervous system in chordates
Hollow nerve chord
Develops into gills in chordates
Pharyngeal pouches
Used for swimming in chordates
Tail
Tunicates
Subphylum Urochordata
Lancelots
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Filter feeders
Subphylum Urochordata
The Age of Fishes
Ordovician Period
What did the arrival of jaws and paired fins bring to fish?
Diversity in food that could be eaten and better movement
Circulatory system in fish
Closed circulatory system
Excretion in fish
Diffuse through gills and nitrogenous waste through kidneys
Main part of the brain
Cerebrum
Part of the brain that processes information from eyes
Optic lobe
Part of the brain that coordinates body movement
Cerebellum
Part of the brain that controls voluntary movement
Cerebrum
Part of the brain that controls the functions of internal organs
Medulla onlongata
Part of the brain that senses vibration and current in the water
Lateral line system
Determines buoyancy in fish
Swim bladder
Hagfishes
Class myxini
Lampreys
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Sharks
Class Chondrichthyes
Bony fish
Class Osteichthyes
Stores bile
Gull bladder
Secretes bile
Liver
Receives oxygenated blood from lungs
Left atria
Receives oxygenated blood from body
Right atria
Pumps blood
Ventricle
Salamanders
Order Urodela
Frogs and toads
Order Anura
Caecilians
Order Apoda
Number of lungs in snakes
1 (all other reptiles have 2)
Chambers in reptiles
2 atria and 1-2 ventricles
Septum in reptiles
Incomplete
Conserves water in reptiles
Uric acid
Lizards and snakes
Order Squamata
Crocodiles
Order Crocodilia
Turtles/tortoises
Order Testudines
Tuataras
Order Sphenodonta
Birds
Class Aves
What did birds evolve from
Reptiles
Air flow in birds
One directional
Cerebrum in birds
Flight, nest building, care for young, and mating
Medula oblongata in birds
Heartbeat and basic body processes
What did mammals evolve from
Reptiles
Strains out plankton and small marine animals in whales
Baleen
Chisel like teeth used for cutting, gnawing, and grooming
Incisors
Pointed teeth used for piercing, gripping, and tearing. Present only in carnivores.
Canines
Crush and grind food
Molars
Stomach chamber for storing newly swallowed food
Rumen
Right side of heart in mammals
Oxygen poor
One opening
Order monotremata
Offspring develop in pouch
Marsupials
Have placenta
Placentals
Shrews and hedgehogs
Insectivora
Manatees
Sirenia
Whales and dolphins
Cetacea
Bats
Chiroptera
Mice, rats, beavers
Rodentia
Horses and zebras
Perissodactyla
Tigers, dogs
Carnivora
Cattle, sheep, pigs, deer
Artiodactyla
Rabbits
Lagomorpha
Armadillos, anteaters, and sloths
Xenarthra
Apes, monkeys, humans
Primates
Elephants
Proboscidea
Insect eaters
Insectivora
Fully aquatic life
Sirenia
Underwater life but come to surface to breath
Cetacea
Winged mammals
Chiroptera
Curved incisor teeth
Rodentia
Hoofed animals- odd number of toes
Perissodactyla
Sharp teeth and claws
Carnivora
Hoofed animals- even number of toes
Artiodactyla
Incisors in upper jaw- herbivores
Lagomorpha
No teeth
Xenarthra
Highly developed cerebrum and complex behaviors
Primates
Trunks
Proboscidea
The way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment
Behavior
Any kind of signal that carries electable information
Stimulus
A single, specific reaction to a stimulus
Response
Instinct or inborn behavior
Innate behavior
Altered behavior as a result or experience
Learning
Decreases or stops response to a repetitive stimulus because it neither rewards nor harms the animal (simplest form)
Habituation
Mental connection between a stimulus and some kind of reward or punishment
Classical conditioning
Learns to behave in a certain way through repeated practice
Operant conditioning
Applies something it has already learned to a new situation (most complex)
Insight learning
Recognize and follow the first moving object that they see during a critical time early in their lives
Imprinting
Behavioral cycles that occur in daily patterns
Circadian rhythms
Regulates the transport of oxygen from the surface of the egg to the embryo and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction
Chorion
The bag like structure that contains a yolk that serves a nutrient rich food supply for the embryo
Yolk sac
A fluid filled sac that surrounds and cushions the developing embryo. It produces a protected, watery environment.
Amnion
Stores the waste produced by the embryo. It later fuses with the chorion and serves as a respiratory organ.
Allantois
