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Biology 102 Final > Chapter 35 > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organs of a plant

A

root, stem, leaves

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2
Q

roots

A

multicellular organs
anchors plant
absorbs minerals and water
store organic nutrients

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3
Q

Tissues of plants

A

Dermal
vascular
ground

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4
Q

Dermal tissues

A

epidermis

peridermis

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5
Q

epidermis

A

make-up non woody plants

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6
Q

periderm

A

protective tissue ion woody plants

replaces the epidermis in older regions

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7
Q

vascular tissue

A

xylem

phloem

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8
Q

xylem

A

conveys water

dissolves minerals upward from roots and shoots

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9
Q

phloem

A

transport organic nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed

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10
Q

ground tissues

A

include cells specialized from storage, photosynthesis and support

pith
cortex

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11
Q

pith

A

internal to vascular tissue in the stem

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12
Q

cortex

A

external to vascular tissue

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13
Q

Parenchyma

A

perform the most metabolic functions

retain the ability to divide and differentiate

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14
Q

collenchyma

A

helps support young parts of the plant and shoot

provides flexible support without restraining growth

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15
Q

Sclerenchyma

A

dead at functional maturity

rigid due to thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin

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16
Q

sugar-conducting cells of the phloem

A

sieve-tube elements are alive at functional maturity

lack organelles

17
Q

Meristem

A

tissue in plants consisting of undifferentiated cells
embryonic tissue
allows for indeterminate growth
gives rise to initials and derivatives

18
Q

indeterminate growth

A

growth throughout a plants life

19
Q

Initials

A

remains in the meristem

20
Q

derivatives

A

become specialized in developing tissues

21
Q

determinate growth

A

when plant organs cease to grow at a certain size

22
Q

apical meristem

A

elongate shoots and roots through primary growth

23
Q

primary growth

A

apical meristems elongate shoots and roots

24
Q

lateral meristems

A

add thickness to woody plants through secondary growth

2 types: vascular cambium, cork cambium

25
Q

vascular cambium

A

adds layers of vascular tissue

26
Q

cork cambium

A

replaces the epidermis with periderm

27
Q

three development processes of plants

A

growth
morphogenesis
cellular differentiation

28
Q

Growth in plants

A

consists of cell division and cell expansion

cell division: increases the potential for growth

29
Q

cell expansion

A

accounts for the actual increase in plant size

cells grow rapidly and “cheaply” by in taking and storing water in the vacuole

30
Q

Morphogenesis

A

the development of body form and organization and is often controlled by homeotic genes

31
Q

Pattern Formation

A

the development of specific structures in specific locations

32
Q

positional information

A

determines pattern formation in the form of signals indicating to each cell its location

33
Q

polarity (pattern formation)

A

having structural or chemical differences at opposite ends of an organism
provides one type of positional information

34
Q

cellular differentiation

A

cells of a developing organism synthesizes different proteins and diverges into structure and function even though they have the same genome

depends on positional information and is affected by homeotic genes

35
Q

phases changes

A

developmental phases

from juvenile phase to adult phase

36
Q

vegetative growth

A

involved in flower formation

triggered by a combination of environmental cues and internal signals

37
Q

meristem identity gene

A

causes the transition from vegetative growth to flowering

38
Q

organ identity gene

A

plant homeotic genes

regulates the development of floral patterns

39
Q

mutation in the organ identity gene can?

A

cause abnormal floral development

Biology 102 Final (6 decks)

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