Chapter 34 - Pediatric Emergencies Flashcards
Childhood extends from birth until age ____.
18
Five stages of childhood: Infancy: Toddler: Preschool: School-age: Adolescents:
first year of life 1 to 3 years 3 to 6 years 6 to 12 years 13 to 18 years
The first month of birth is called the _________ or ______ period.
neonatal
newborn
Infants less than 2 months spend most of their time _______ or ________.
sleeping
eating
Infants 0-2 months respond mainly to:
physical stimuli, such as light, warmth, hunger, and sound
Infants sleep for up to ______ hours a day between feeding times and caregiver interactions.
16
Infants cannot tell the difference between _________ and _________.
parents
strangers
Infants can be aroused ______ from a sleeping state.
easily
Infants are predisposed to __________.
hypothermia
Infants ____ to ____ months are more active, easier to evaluate, spend more time awake, smile and make eye contacts, and recognize caregivers
2
6
In infants 2-6 months, about ____% of infants will sleep through the night by 6 months.
70
Infants ____ to ____ may follow objects with their eyes, will begin to roll over, and have a strong sucking reflex
2
6
During this stage, ___ to __ months, infants begin to babble, and by the first year, they say their first words. They also learn to sit without support, and begin to crawl and walk.
6
12
Infants ____ to ____ months are predisposed to poisonings.
6
12
Infants 6 - 12 months of age may cry if separated from their parents or caregivers; which is called:
separation anxiety
After infancy, until 3 years of age, a child is called a _______.
toddler
Toddlers, __ to __ months are able to open doors, drawers, boxes, and bottles. They begin to imitate the behaviors of older children and parents, know major body parts when you point to them, may speak 4-6 works and have an increased risk of choking due to a lack of molars.
12
18
Toddlers __ to __ know about 100 words and will be able to name a common object that you point to. They begin to understand cause and effect, balance and gait improve, running and climbing skills develop, and toddlers tend to be clingy to their parents/caregivers.
18
25
For toddlers, use visual clues or _____-_____ FACES pain scale to attempt to describe or localize pain.
Wong-Baker
The preschool age is ____ to ___.
3
6
School-age years are ____ to ____ years.
6
12
Adolescents are ages __ to __.
13
18
Anatomy of pediatric airway differs from adults. Pediatric airway is ____ in diameter and _____ in length. Lungs are ______, heart is ______ in a child’s chest, glottic opening is _______ and positions more anteriorly, and the neck appears to be nonexistent.
smaller shorter smaller higher higher
Diameter of trachea in infants is about the same as a _______ _____.
drinking straw
A respiratory rate of __ to __ breaths/min is normal for a newborn.
30
60
A respiratory rate of __ to __ breaths/min is normal for a teenager.
12
20
Children have an oxygen demand ______ that of an adult.
twice
An infant’s heart can beat ___ times or more per minute.
160
Soft spots on the front and back of an infant’s head are called _________.
fontanelles
Bulging fontanelles can indicate _______ _____ ________.
increased intracranial pressure
Sunken fontanelles can indicate ________.
dehydration
In children, the ribs and vital organs are less protected by ______ and _____.
muscle
fat
Use __________ ________ _________ (___) to determine if the child is sick or not sick.
Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)
The Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) assesses _________, __________, and ___________
ABC’s
Airway and Appearance (muscle tone and mental status)
Work of Breathing
Circulation to Skin
In infants, palpate the _______ pulse or _______ pulse.
brachial
femoral
In children older than 1 year, palpate the ______ pulse.
carotid
Describe the pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale:
Age appropriate responses:
Eye Opening - Under/over age of 1
Motor response - under/over age of 1
Verbal - Over 5, 2-5 years, 0-23 months
Pediatric patients weighing less than ____ pounds who do not require spinal immobilization and should be transported in a car seat.
40
Patients younger than ___ years must be transported in a rear-facing position because of lack of mature neck muscles.
2
True or False:
You should use the pediatrics patient’s own car set.
False - the goal is to secure and protect the pediatric patient for transport in the ambulance
What does the mnemonic DCAP-BTLS stand for:
Deformities Contusions Abrasions Punctures/Penetrations Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling
Blood pressure is usually not assessed in pediatric patients younger than __ years because it offers little information about the patient’s circulatory status and is difficult to obtain.
3
To obtain accurate blood pressure reading, use a cuff that covers ____ ____ of the pediatric patient’s upper arm.
two thirds
A cuff that is too small will give a false ______ reading.
high
A cuff that is too large will give a false ____ reading
low
Systolic blood pressure is a useful tool to determine blood pressure in children _ to __ years of age.
1
10
To determine the systolic blood pressure in children 1-10 years of age use this formula:
70 + (2 X child’s age in years)
