Chapter 34 - Pediatric Emergencies

Question 1

Childhood extends from birth until age ____.

Answer 1

18

Question 2

Five stages of childhood:
Infancy:
Toddler:
Preschool:
School-age:
Adolescents:

Answer 2

first year of life
1 to 3 years
3 to 6 years
6 to 12 years
13 to 18 years

Question 3

The first month of birth is called the _________ or ______ period.

Answer 3

neonatal

newborn

Question 4

Infants less than 2 months spend most of their time _______ or ________.

Answer 4

sleeping

eating

Question 5

Infants 0-2 months respond mainly to:

Answer 5

physical stimuli, such as light, warmth, hunger, and sound

Question 6

Infants sleep for up to ______ hours a day between feeding times and caregiver interactions.

Answer 6

16

Question 7

Infants cannot tell the difference between _________ and _________.

Answer 7

parents

strangers

Question 8

Infants can be aroused ______ from a sleeping state.

Answer 8

easily

Question 9

Infants are predisposed to __________.

Answer 9

hypothermia

Question 10

Infants ____ to ____ months are more active, easier to evaluate, spend more time awake, smile and make eye contacts, and recognize caregivers

Answer 10

2

6

Question 11

In infants 2-6 months, about ____% of infants will sleep through the night by 6 months.

Answer 11

70

Question 12

Infants ____ to ____ may follow objects with their eyes, will begin to roll over, and have a strong sucking reflex

Answer 12

2

6

Question 13

During this stage, ___ to __ months, infants begin to babble, and by the first year, they say their first words. They also learn to sit without support, and begin to crawl and walk.

Answer 13

6

12

Question 14

Infants ____ to ____ months are predisposed to poisonings.

Answer 14

6

12

Question 15

Infants 6 - 12 months of age may cry if separated from their parents or caregivers; which is called:

Answer 15

separation anxiety

Question 16

After infancy, until 3 years of age, a child is called a _______.

Answer 16

toddler

Question 17

Toddlers, __ to __ months are able to open doors, drawers, boxes, and bottles. They begin to imitate the behaviors of older children and parents, know major body parts when you point to them, may speak 4-6 works and have an increased risk of choking due to a lack of molars.

Answer 17

12

18

Question 18

Toddlers __ to __ know about 100 words and will be able to name a common object that you point to. They begin to understand cause and effect, balance and gait improve, running and climbing skills develop, and toddlers tend to be clingy to their parents/caregivers.

Answer 18

18

25

Question 19

For toddlers, use visual clues or _____-_____ FACES pain scale to attempt to describe or localize pain.

Answer 19

Wong-Baker

Question 20

The preschool age is ____ to ___.

Answer 20

3

6

Question 21

School-age years are ____ to ____ years.

Answer 21

6

12

Question 22

Adolescents are ages __ to __.

Answer 22

13

18

Question 23

Anatomy of pediatric airway differs from adults. Pediatric airway is ____ in diameter and _____ in length. Lungs are ______, heart is ______ in a child’s chest, glottic opening is _______ and positions more anteriorly, and the neck appears to be nonexistent.

Answer 23

smaller
shorter
smaller
higher
higher

Question 24

Diameter of trachea in infants is about the same as a _______ _____.

Answer 24

drinking straw

Question 25

A respiratory rate of __ to __ breaths/min is normal for a newborn.

Answer 25

30

60

Question 26

A respiratory rate of __ to __ breaths/min is normal for a teenager.

Answer 26

12

20

Question 27

Children have an oxygen demand ______ that of an adult.

Answer 27

twice

Question 28

An infant’s heart can beat ___ times or more per minute.

Answer 28

160

Question 29

Soft spots on the front and back of an infant’s head are called _________.

Answer 29

fontanelles

Question 30

Bulging fontanelles can indicate _______ _____ ________.

Answer 30

increased intracranial pressure

Question 31

Sunken fontanelles can indicate ________.

Answer 31

dehydration

Question 32

In children, the ribs and vital organs are less protected by ______ and _____.

Answer 32

muscle

fat

Question 33

Use __________ ________ _________ (___) to determine if the child is sick or not sick.

Answer 33

Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)

Question 34

The Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) assesses _________, __________, and ___________

Answer 34

ABC’s
Airway and Appearance (muscle tone and mental status)
Work of Breathing
Circulation to Skin

Question 35

In infants, palpate the _______ pulse or _______ pulse.

Answer 35

brachial

femoral

Question 36

In children older than 1 year, palpate the ______ pulse.

Answer 36

carotid

Question 37

Describe the pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale:

Answer 37

Age appropriate responses:

Eye Opening - Under/over age of 1
Motor response - under/over age of 1
Verbal - Over 5, 2-5 years, 0-23 months

Question 38

Pediatric patients weighing less than ____ pounds who do not require spinal immobilization and should be transported in a car seat.

Answer 38

40

Question 39

Patients younger than ___ years must be transported in a rear-facing position because of lack of mature neck muscles.

Answer 39

2

Question 40

True or False:

You should use the pediatrics patient’s own car set.

Answer 40

False - the goal is to secure and protect the pediatric patient for transport in the ambulance

Question 41

What does the mnemonic DCAP-BTLS stand for:

Answer 41

Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Punctures/Penetrations
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling

Question 42

Blood pressure is usually not assessed in pediatric patients younger than __ years because it offers little information about the patient’s circulatory status and is difficult to obtain.

Answer 42

3

Question 43

To obtain accurate blood pressure reading, use a cuff that covers ____ ____ of the pediatric patient’s upper arm.

Answer 43

two thirds

Question 44

A cuff that is too small will give a false ______ reading.

Answer 44

high

Question 45

A cuff that is too large will give a false ____ reading

Answer 45

low

Question 46

Systolic blood pressure is a useful tool to determine blood pressure in children _ to __ years of age.

Answer 46

1

10

Question 47

To determine the systolic blood pressure in children 1-10 years of age use this formula:

Answer 47

70 + (2 X child’s age in years)