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MY Emergency Care And Transportation Of The Sick And Injured > Chapter 33 - Obstetrics and Neonatal Care > Flashcards

Chapter 33 - Obstetrics and Neonatal Care Flashcards

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1
Q

The female reproductive system includes:

A 
ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterus
cervix
vagina
breasts
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2
Q

The ovaries are two ______, one on each side of the uterus, that are similar in function to the male testes.

A

glands

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3
Q

If an egg is fertilized, the egg implants in the ____________ - the lining of the inside of the uterus.

A

endometrium

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4
Q

The _______ is a muscular organ that encloses and protects the developing fetus for approximately 9 months (40 weeks).

A

uterus

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5
Q

During pregnancy, the ________ contains a mucous plug that seals the uterine opening, preventing contamination.

A

cervix

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6
Q

The _______ is a disk-shaped structure attached to the uterine wall that provides nourishment to the fetus.

A

placenta

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7
Q

The placenta is connected to the fetus by the _________ ______.

A

umbilical cord

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8
Q

The _______ ________ consists of two layers of cells, keeping the circulation of the woman and fetus separated but allowing substances to pass between them.

A

placental barrier

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9
Q

The umbilical _______ carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the heart of the fetus.

A

vein

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10
Q

The umbilical _________ carry deoxygenated blood from the heart of the fetus to the placenta.

A

arteries

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11
Q

The fetus develops inside a fluid-filled, baglike membrane called the ________ ___.

A

amniotic sac

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12
Q

The amniotic sac contains about ______ to _______ mL of amniotic fluid, which helps insulate and protect the floating fetus.

A

500

1000

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13
Q

During pregnancy, many normal changes occur in the body that are not all directly related to the reproductive system. the primary systems involved with these changes are:

A

respiratory
cardiovascular
musculoskeletal

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14
Q

In the reproductive system, ________ levels increase to support fetal development and prepare the body for childbirth.

A

hormones

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15
Q

Rapid uterine growth occurs during the ________ trimester of pregnancy.

A

second

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16
Q

As the uterus grows, it pushes up on the ____________, displacing it from its normal position.

A

diaphragm

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17
Q

With respiratory capacity changes, with increased respiratory rates and _______ minute volumes.

A

decreased

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18
Q

Overall blood volume gradually increases throughout the pregnancy to:

A

allow for adequate perfusion of the uterus

prepare for the blood loss that will occur during childbirth

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19
Q

Blood volume may eventually increase as much as _____% by the end of the pregnancy.

A

50

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20
Q

By the end of pregnancy, the pregnant patient’s heart rate increases up to ______% to accommodate the increase in blood volume.

A

20

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21
Q

In the reproductive system, hormone levels _______ to support fetal development and prepare the body for childbirth; puts pregnant woman at an increased risk for complications from trauma, bleeding, and some medical conditions.

A

increase

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22
Q

Changes in the cardiovascular system and the increased demands of supporting the fetus significantly increase the workload of the ________.

A

heart

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23
Q

Increased hormones affect the musculoskeletal system by making the joints “looser” or _______ stable.

A

less

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24
Q

You may safely use ________ to treat any heart or lung disease in a pregnant patient without harm to the fetus.

A

oxygen

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25
Q

Diabetes in a pregnant woman, called ____________ diabetes, resolves in most women after delivery.

A

gestational

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26
Q

One complication that occasionally occurs, typically in patients who are pregnant for the first time, is ________, or pregnancy-induced hypertension.

A

preeclampsia

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27
Q

Preeclampsia can develop after the _____th week of gestation.

A

20

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28
Q

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

A 
severe hypertension
severe or persistent headache
visual abnormalities such as seeing spots, blurred vision, or sensitivity to light
swelling in the hands and feet (edema)
anxiety
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29
Q

__________, a related condition to preeclampsia, is characterized by seizures that occur as a result of hypertension.

A

Eclampsia

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30
Q

To treat a patient having seizures caused by eclampsia, you should:

A 
lay the patient on her left side
maintain her airway
administer supplemental oxygen if necessary
if vomiting occurs, suction the airway
provide rapid transport
call for an ALS intercept, if available
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31
Q

Transporting a pregnant patient on the left side can prevent _____ _______ ________ which is caused by compression of the descending aorta and the inferior vena cava by the pregnant uterus when the patient lies supine and may result in hypotension.

A

supine hypotensive syndrome

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32
Q

Internal bleeding may be a sign of an _________ pregnancy, when an embryo develops outside the uterus, most often in a fallopian tube.

A

ectopic

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33
Q

An ectopic pregnancy occurs once in every ______ pregnancies.

A

300

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34
Q

The leading cause of maternal death in the _________trimester is internal hemorrhage into the abdomen following rupture of an ectopic pregnancy.

A

first

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35
Q

Consider the possibility of an ______ pregnancy in a woman who has missed a menstrual cycle and complains of sudden, severe, usually unilateral pain in the lower abdomen.

A

ectopic

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36
Q

____________ in early pregnancy may be a sign of a spontaneous abortion or miscarriage.

A

Hemorrhage

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37
Q

Hemorrhage in the later stages of pregnancy may indicate a serious condition involving the ________.

A

placenta

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38
Q

In _________ ________, the placenta separates prematurely from the wall of the uterus, most commonly caused by hypertension or trauma.

A

abruptio placenta

39
Q

In ________ ______, the placenta develops over and covers the cervix.

A

placenta previa

40
Q

Passage of the fetus and placenta before _______ weeks is called abortion.

A

20

41
Q

Abortions may be _________ (_________) or __________.

A

spontaneous (miscarriage) or induced

42
Q

The most serious complications of an abortion are _________ and ________.

A

bleeding

infection

43
Q

Bleeding from an abortion can result from portions of the fetus or placenta being left in the uterus (incomplete abortion) or from injury to the wall of the ________.

A

uterus

44
Q

Infections from an abortion can result from such _________ and from the use of ___________ __________.

A

perforation

nonsterile instruments

45
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome describes the condition of infants born to women who have abused _________.

A

alcohol

46
Q

If a woman is in the last month or two of pregnancy, compressions may need to be applied a little ______ on the sternum than usual.

A

higher

47
Q

In trauma incidents, if possible, one provider should be assigned to manually displace the ______ toward the patient’s left side to facilitate blood return to the right side of the heart.

A

uterus

48
Q

If spinal injury of a pregnant woman is suspects, tilt the backboard _____* to the left.

A

30

49
Q

The three stages of labor are:

A

dilation of the cervix
delivery of the fetus
delivery of the placenta

50
Q

The first stage of labor begins with the onset of ___________ and ends when the cervix is fully _________.

A

contractions

dilated

51
Q

The first stage of labor is usually the longest, lasting an average of ______ hours for a first delivery.

A

16

52
Q

Labor is generally longer in a __________(a woman experiencing her first pregnancy) than in a __________(a woman who has experienced previous pregnancies).

A

primigravida

multigravida

53
Q

Preterm or false labor is called ______-__________ contractions.

A

Braxton-Hicks

54
Q

Toward the third trimester, the head of the fetus normally descends into the woman’s pelvis as the fetus position for delivers and is called ___________.

A

lightening

55
Q

The second stage of labor begins when the fetus begins to encounter the ______ ______ and ends with _________ of the newborn (spontaneous birth).

A

birth canal

delivery

56
Q

During the second stage of labor, under no circumstances should you let the woman sit on the ______.

A

toilet

57
Q

During the second stage of labor, the perineum will begin to bulge significantly, and the top of the fetus’s head should begin to appear at the vaginal opening which is called _________.

A

crowning

58
Q

the third stage of labor begins with the ______ of the newborn and ends with the delivery of the ________.

A

birth

placenta

59
Q

During the third stage of labor, the placenta must completely separate from the ________ _______.

A

uterine wall

60
Q

The third stage of labor may take up to ______ minutes.

A

30

61
Q

During delivery, place the patient on a firm surface padded with blankets, folded sheets, or towels and elevate the hips about ____” to _____” with a pillow or blankets.

A

2

4

62
Q

If the woman’s water was broken, ask whether the fluid was ________ (________) - fetal stool.

A

green (meconium)

63
Q

After delivery of the placenta, gently massage the woman’s ______ with a firm, circular, “kneading” motion.

A

abdomen

64
Q

When massaging a woman’s abdomen after delivery of the placenta, you should be able to feel a firm, grape-fruit sized mass in the lower abdomen called the ______.

A

fundus

65
Q

A newborn will usually beginning breathing spontaneously within ____ to ____ seconds after birth and the heart rate will be ______ beats/min or higher.

A

15
30
120

66
Q

If the newborn does not spontaneously begin breathing, gently tap or flick the soles of the ______ or rub the ______.

A

feet

back

67
Q

If necessary, suction the mouth and then the nose using a bulb syringe or suction device with an __ or __ French catheter.

A

8

10

68
Q

If chest compressions for a newborn are required, use the ______-______ technique for two-person resuscitation.

A

hand-encircling

69
Q

For chest compression in a newborn, perform BVM ventilation during a pause after every _____ compression, using a compression-to-ventilation ration of :.

A

third

3:1

70
Q

Chest compressions on a newborn will yield a total of ____ “actions” per minute (__ compressions and __ ventilations).

A

120
90
30

71
Q

Any newborn who requires more than routine resuscitation requires transport to a hospital with a Level ___ neonatal intensive care unit.

A

3

72
Q

About ___% to ___% of delivers are complicated by the presence of meconium.

A

12-16

73
Q

The Apgar score is sued to access the status of a newborn and assigns a number value (0,1 or 2) to these five areas of activity.

A 
appearance
pulse
grimace or irritability
Activity or muscle tone
respirations
74
Q

A perfect Apgar score is ____.

A

10

75
Q

The Apgar score should be calculated at __ minute and ___ minutes after birth.

A

1

5

76
Q

The newborn’s pulse rate should be at least _____ beats/min and you should reassess respirations and heart rate at least every ____ seconds.

A

100

30

77
Q

Assess the newborn’s oxygenation via ______ _______ and observe for central cyanosis.

A

pulse oximetry

78
Q

Most infants are born head first, called a _____ presentations.

A

vertex

79
Q

Occasionally, the buttocks are delivered first, called a ______ presentation.

A

breech

80
Q

The fetus is at great risk for _____ from delivery in a breech delivery and _________ cords are more common.

A

trauma

prolapsed

81
Q

On rare occasions, the presenting part of the fetus is neither the head nor the buttock, but a single arm, leg, foot. This is called _____ presentation.

A

limb

82
Q

_______ of the umbilical cord is where the umbilical cord comes out of the vagina before the fetus.

A

Prolapse

83
Q

If prolapse of the cord occurs, keep the fetus’s head from compressing the cord by:

A

place woman in knee-chest position; kneeling and bent forward, facedown

84
Q

_______ ______ is a developmental defect in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges may protrude outside of the vertebrae and possibly outside of the body.

A

Spina bifida

85
Q

If a newborn is barns with spina bifida,

A

cover the open area with a sterile, most dressing

have someone hold the newborn against his or her body

86
Q

Twins occur about once in every __ births.

A

30

87
Q

If twins are present, the second one will usually be born within ___ minutes of the first.

A

45

88
Q

A normal, full term single newborn will weigh approximately __ lb. at birth.

A

7

89
Q

Any newborn who delivers before ___ months (__ weeks) or weighs less than __lbs. at birth is considered premature.

A

8
36
5

90
Q

The ______ _______ will be absent or minimal on the premature newborn.

A

vernix caseosa

91
Q

Premature newborns as small as ____ lb. have survived and developed normally.

A

1

92
Q

Postterm pregnancy refers to pregnancies lasting longer the ____ weeks.

A

42

93
Q

Postpartum patients are at an increased risk of an _______ - most commonly called a ________ ______.

A

embolism

pulmonary embolism

MY Emergency Care And Transportation Of The Sick And Injured (8 decks)

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