Chapter 19 - Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies

Question 1

The human endocrine system directly or indirectly influences nearly every:

Answer 1

cell
organ
bodily function

Question 2

The endocrine system is a ___________ system that controls functions inside the body.

Answer 2

communication

Question 3

___________ glands secrete messanger hormones.

Answer 3

Endocrine

Question 4

____________ are chemical substances produced by a glad and travel throughout the blood to end organs, tissue or cells that they affect and when it arrives, the message is received and an action takes place.

Answer 4

Hormones

Question 5

Endocrine disorders are caused by an ____________ communication problem.

Answer 5

internal

Question 6

If an endocrine gland is not functioning normal, it may produce ______ hormone than needed or ______ hormone than needed.

Answer 6

more (hypersecretion)
not enough (hyposecretion)

Question 7

An endocrine disorder may be caused if the gland is functioning correctly but the receiving organ may not be _________.

Answer 7

responding

Question 8

The brain needs 2 things to survive.

Answer 8

glucose

oxygen

Question 9

Insulin is necessary for ______ to enter cells. Without enough insulin, the cells do not get fed.

Answer 9

glucose

Question 10

The pancrease produces and stores two hormones:

Answer 10

Glucagon

Insulin

Question 11

______ __ ________ are found in a small portion of the pancreas.

Answer 11

Islets of Langerhans

Question 12

With Islets of Langerhans, the islets are alpha cells which produce ________ and beta cells which produce _______.

Answer 12

glucagon

insulin

Question 13

The pancreas stores and secretes insulin and glucagon in response to the level of _________ in the blood.

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

___________ _______ is a disorder of glucose metabolism, such that the body has an impaired ability to get glucose into the cells to be used for energy.

Answer 14

Diabetes mellitus

Question 15

Diabetes mellitus affects about _____% of the population.

Answer 15

9.3

Question 16

In Diabetes Mellitus, without treatment, blood glucose levels become too ______ and in severe cases may cause life-threatening illness, coma or death.

Answer 16

high

Question 17

If Diabetes melliltus is not managed well, it can have severe complications such as:

Answer 17

blindness
cardiovascular disease
kidney failure

Question 18

What are the three types of diabetes?

Answer 18

Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 2
pregnancy-induced gestational diabetes

Question 19

Treatment for diabetes include medications and injectable hormones that _____ blood glucose level and if administered correctly or incorrectly can create a medical emergency and if unrecognized or untreated, can be life threatening.

Answer 19

lower (hypoglycemia)

Question 20

Term for high blood glucose level.

Answer 20

Hyperglycemia

Question 21

Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can occur with diabetes mellitus type _____ and _____.

Answer 21

1

2

Question 22

Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can be similar in their presentation such as:

Answer 22

altered mental status

can often mimic alcohol intoxication (intoxicated patients often have abnormal glucose levels)

Question 23

Hypoglycemia can develop if:

Answer 23

person fails to take their medicine
person fails to eat enough food
person takes too much medication (resulting in low blood glucose)

Question 24

Hypoglycemic patients require prompt treatment of:

Answer 24

oral glucose paste (if alert and able to protect their airway)
injection of glucose (dextrose) or glucagon by ALS provider