Chapter 18 - Gastrointestinal And Ironic Emergencies Flashcards
_____________ pain is a common complaint.
Abdominal
The cause of abdominal pain is often ____________ to identify.
Difficult
Abdominal cavity contains __________ and _________ organs that make up 3 systems.
solid
Hollow
Name the 3 systems that make up the abdominal cavity.
Gastrointestinal system
Genital system
Urinary system
Name the solid organs in the abdominal cavity.
Liver Spleen Pancreas Kidneys Ovaries in women
Injury to a solid organ can cause _____ and ________.
shock
Bleeding
Hollow organs in the abdominal cavity are
Gallbladder Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Urinary bladder
If there is a perforation of hollow organs, the contents will _______ and ______ the abdominal cavity.
leak
Contaminate
The gastrointestinal system is responsible for what process?
Digestion
When does digestion begin?
When food is put into the mouth and chewed.
The ________ glands secrete saliva and begin to break food down.
Salivary glands
Food travels down the esophagus to the __________.
Stomach
The_________ is the main organ of the digestive system.
Stomach
The ___________ juices break down food in the stomach.
Gastric
The________ stage in digestion.
Liver
The liver secretes _____ to aid in digestion of fats.
Bile
The liver filters _____ substances produced by digestion.
Toxic
The liver creates ___________ stores.
Glucose
The liver produces substances necessary for _____ ______ and ________ ________.
Blood clotting
Immune function
The gallbladder is reserved for ______.
Bile
Three sections of the small intestine are ________, ___________, and __________.
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
The ________ is where digestive juices from a pancreas and liver mixed
Duodeum
The pancreas secretes __________ that break down startches, fats, and proteins.
enzymes
The pancreas releases __________ which is responsible for breaking down starches into sugars.
amylase
__________________ is produced in the pancreas - it neutralizes stomach acid in the duodenum.
Bicarbonate
_________ is also produced in the pancreas. It relgulates the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
Insulin
__________ plays a major role in absorbtion of digestive products.
Jejunum
Jejunum does much of the work in the __________ intestine.
small
The ________ absorbs nutrients that were not absorbed before the liver and Jejunum.
Lleum
The ________ absorbs bile acid so they can be returned to the liver for future use and vitamin B12 for making nerve cells and red blood cless.
Illeum
The _______ is part of the large intestine.
Colon
Food not broken down and used moves into the colon as a ________ product.
waste
__________ moves the waste matter through the intestines.
Peristalsis
Water is __________ and stool is formed as it passes through the the rectum to the anus and is defecated.
absorbed
The ________ is located in the abdomen but has o digestive function.
spleen
The spleen is part of the ___________ system.
lymphatic
The spleen plays a significant role in relation to red blood cells and ________ system.
immune
The spleen assists in __________ of blood.
filteration
The spleen aids in development of _____ ______ _____.
red blood cells
The spleen serves as blood ________.
reservoir.
The spleen produces ________.
antibodies
The _________ system holds reproductive organs.
genital
Name the parts of the male reproductive system.
testicles epididymis vas deferentia seminal vesicles prostate gland penis
Name the parts of the female reproductive system.
ovaries fallopian tubes uterus cervix vagina
The _________ system controls discharge of certain waste materials filtered from blood by the kidneys.
urinary
Name the solid organs in the urinary system.
kidneys
Name the hollow organs in the urinary system.
ureters
bladder
urethra
There are ______ kidneys, _____ on each side.
two
one
The _________ lie on the posterior muscular wall of the abdomen behind the peritoneum in the retroperitoneal space.
kidneys
The _______ play an important role in the regulation of acidity and blood pressure.
kidneys
The ________ rid the body of toxic waste.
kidneys
The _________ controle balance of fluid and electrolytes.
kidneys
Blood flow is ______ in kidneys.
high
_________ join each kidney to the bladder.
Ureters
_________ are small, hollow, muscular tubes.
Ureters
Peristalsis moves ________ to the bladder.
urine
The urinary bladder is located immediately behine the ______ _________.
public symphysis
The bladder empties to the outside of the body through the _________.
urethra
Male: Urethra passes from the anterior base of the bladder through the _______.
penis
Female: Urethra opens at the front of the _______.
vagina
Normal adults form ___ to ___ L of urine per day.
1.5 - 2
The abdominal cavity is lined by a membrane called the _________.
peritoneum
The peritoneum also covers organs of the _______.
abdomen
The parietal peritoneum lines the walls of the __________ _______.
abdominal cavity
The Visceral peritoneum covers the ________.
organs
The presence of foreign material (blood, pus, bile, pancreatic juice, amniotic fluid_ can irritate the peritoneum, causing _________.
peritonitis
Acute abdomen refers to the sudden onset of ____________ pain.
abdominal
Acute abdomen is often associate with severe, progressive problems requiring ________ __________.
medical attention
Peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum) typcially causes ________.
ileus
_________ is paralysis of the muscular contractions that normally propel material through the intestine.
Illeus
Retained gas and feces in the intestine can casue _______ __________.
abdominal distention
In the presence of IIleus, the stomach can only empty itself by __________.
vomiting (emesis)
Peritonitis is frequently associated with ________ and _______.
Nausea
vomiting
Peritonitis is associated with loss of _____ ______ into the abdominal cavity.
Bodily fluid
A patient with peritonitis may present with _____________ and ____________.
tachycardia
hypotension
When peritonitis is accompanie by hemorrgage, look for signs of _________.
shock
