Chapter 34 - Endocrine & Reproductive Systems

Question 1

What is the endocrine system made up of?

Answer 1

Glands that release hormones into the blood.

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

Chemical produced in one part of an organism that affects another part of the organism.

Question 3

What are target cells?

Answer 3

A cell that has a receptor for a particular hormone.

Question 4

What is a gland?

Answer 4

An organ that produces and releases a substance.

Question 5

What are exocrine glands?

Answer 5

Glands that release hormones through tubelike structures called ducts, directly into an organ or out of the body.

Question 6

What are endocrine glands?

Answer 6

Glands that release hormones directly into the blood, which transport the hormones to other areas in the body.

Question 7

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

Answer 7

Produces hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands and organs.

Question 8

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 8

Makes hormones that control and are stored in the pituitary gland.

Question 9

What are the parathyroid glands?

Answer 9

Four glands that release parathyroid hormones, which regulate the calcium level in the blood.

Question 10

What does the thymus do?

Answer 10

Releases thymosin during childhood, which stimulates T cell development &a immune response.

Question 11

What are the adrenal glands?

Answer 11

Glands that release hormones that help body respond to stress.

Question 12

What does the pineal gland do?

Answer 12

Releases melatonin, which is involved in rhythmic activities.

Question 13

What does the thyroid do?

Answer 13

Produce thyroxin, which regulates metabolism throughout the body.

Question 14

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 14

Produce insulin & glucagon.

Question 15

What are prostaglandins?

Answer 15

Fatty acids that are produced by a wide range of cells; generally affect only nearby cells and tissues.

Question 16

What are steroid hormones?

Answer 16

Hormones that can easily cross the cell membrane.

Question 17

What do steroid hormones do?

Answer 17

Enter the nucleus & change pattern of gene expression in target cells.

Question 18

What are non steroid hormones?

Answer 18

Hormones that cannot pass through the cell membrane.

Question 19

What do non steroid hormones do?

Answer 19

Bind to receptors & cause the release of secondary messengers.

Question 20

What are releasing hormones?

Answer 20

Hormones produced by the hypothalamus, that makes the anterior pituitary release hormones.

Question 21

What is a corticosteroid?

Answer 21

Steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex.

Question 22

What is epinephrine?

Answer 22

Hormone released by the adrenal glands that increase heart rate and blood pressure and prepare the body for intense physical activity; also called adrenaline.

Question 23

What is norepinephrine?

Answer 23

Hormone released by the adrenal glands that increase heart rate and blood pressure and prepares the body for intense physical activity.

Question 24

What is calcitonin?

Answer 24

Hormone that reduces blood calcium levels.

Question 25

What is the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Answer 25

Hormone that increases calcium levels in the blood.

Question 26

What are gonads?

Answer 26

The bodies reproductive glands; ovaries & testes.

Question 27

What is the function of gonads?

Answer 27

Production of gametes & release of sex hormones.

Question 28

What is puberty?

Answer 28

Period of rapid growth and sexual maturation in which the reproductive system becomes fully functional.

Question 29

What is the testes?

Answer 29

Primary male reproductive organ that produces sperm.

Question 30

What does the scrotum do?

Answer 30

Houses the testes.

Question 31

What are the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 31

Where the sperm develops.

Question 32

What is the epididymis?

Answer 32

Where the sperm matures & is stored.

Question 33

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 33

Tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

Question 34

What is semen?

Answer 34

The combination of sperm and seminal fluid.

Question 35

Which glands produce seminal fluid?

Answer 35

Bulborethral, prostate, & seminal vesicle.

Question 36

What are the ovaries?

Answer 36

Primary female reproductive organ; produces eggs.

Question 37

What is menstrual cycle?

Answer 37

Sequence of events in which an egg develops and is released from the body.

Question 38

What is ovulation?

Answer 38

Release of a mature egg from the ovary into one of the Fallopian tubes.

Question 39

What is corpus luteum?

Answer 39

Name given to a follicle after ovulation because of its yellow color.

Question 40

What is menstruation?

Answer 40

Discharge of blood and the unfertilized eggs from the body.

Question 41

What is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?

Answer 41

Disease that is spread from person to person by sexual contact.

Question 42

What is the most common bacterial STD?

Answer 42

Chlamydia.

Question 43

What does chlamydia result in?

Answer 43

Damage of the reproductive tract.

Question 44

What are some bacterial STD's?

Answer 44

Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis.

Question 45

What are some viral STD's?

Answer 45

Hepatitis B, AIDS, genial herpes & warts.

Question 46

What is the difference between a viral STD & a bacterial STD?

Answer 46

Viral STD's cannot be treated with antibiotics & some are fatal.

Question 47

What is fertilization?

Answer 47

Fusion of a sperm & egg.

Question 48

What is a fertilized egg called?

Answer 48

Zygote.

Question 49

What is a blastocyst?

Answer 49

Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells.

Question 50

What is implantation?

Answer 50

Process in which the blastocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus.

Question 51

What is gastrulation?

Answer 51

Process of that results in the formation of the three cell layers—the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm.

Question 52

What is neurulation?

Answer 52

First step in the development of the nervous system.

Question 53

What is a placenta?

Answer 53

Organ through which respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between the mother and her young.

Question 54

What is a fetus?

Answer 54

Human embryo after eight weeks of development.