Chapter 3.3 Interrelated systems 2 Flashcards
The ______ system covers and protects your body
INTEGUMENTARY
The top layer of the skin which contains outer layers formed by dead cells and innermost layers made from living cells is the _______
EPIDERMIS
_____ is the brown pigment in the skin
MELANIN
The ____ is the second layer of skin which is a fibrous structure crisscrossed with a network of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves
DERMIS
The _____ layer is just below the dermis, it contains fat and the major blood vessels of the skin
SUBCUTANEOUS
_____ is fat
ADIPOSE
Your _____ system supports your body, gives it shape, protects vital structures, and provides attachment for many of your body’s muscles
SKELETAL
The soft, fatty tissue in the porous center of a long bone which red blood cells are produced in is the _____
MARROW
your _____ are your finger and toe bones
PHALANGES
The ____ is a long bone in your upper arm
HUMERUS
The ____ is a long bone in your thigh
FEMUR
Your ____ in the vertebral column are examples of irregular bones
VERTEBRAE
The division that includes the 80 bones of the head, spine, and ribs is the _____ skeleton
AXIAL
The part of the skull that surrounds and protects the brain with 8 flat bones that are fused together is the ____
CRANIUM
The lower jawbone is the _____
MANDIBLE
The two ____ bones, which form the upper jawbone connect to every other facial bone except the mandible
MAXILLARY
Hollow spaces that help your voice resonate and lighten your skull are the ____
SINUSES
The _______ column, or backbone, consists of 33 vertebrae
VERTEBRAL
The breast bone is the ____
STERNUM
The 126-bone _____ skeleton includes the bones of the appendages and the bones that connect them to the axial skeleton
APPENDICULAR
The collarbones are _____
CLAVICLES
The shoulder bones are _____
SCAPULAS
The hipbones are called the ____
PELVIS
The place where 2 or more bones meet is called a _____
JOINT
The bones in movable joints are connected by _____ – strong tough tissues that connect bone to other bones
LIGAMENTS
_____ joints allow back-and-forth movement, like knees, elbows, and finger and toe joints.
HINGE
______ joints allow turning movements like the head and elbows
PIVOT
____ and _____ joints are found in the hips and shoulders, they allow you to move your arms and legs in many directions
BALL; SOCKET
A break or crack in the bone is called a ____
FRACTURE
A ______ fracture is a crack or break that doesn’t cause the bone to pierce the skin’s surface
SIMPLE
If the bone actually breaks through the skin’s surface, a _____ fracture has occurred
COMPOUND
The ends of the movable joints are covered with a smooth tissue that allows the bones to move easily is called ____
CARTILAGE
The ____ system is responsible for producing the body’s movement
MUSCULAR
The muscular system contains muscles that you can directly control with the conscious mind, these are called ______ muscles
SKELETAL
Tough, cordlike _____ attach the skeletal muscles to the skeletal system
TENDONS
The _____ anchors one end of the skeletal muscle, it is like a bone and it is immovable
ORGIN
The other end of the skeletal muscle attaches to a moveable part of the body called the _____
INSERTION
_____ muscles are vital to the body, they are found in the organs and passageways of the respiratory system, the digestive system, and the cardiovascular system. Because they are part of other organs, they are not part of the muscular system
INVOLUNTARY
The function of your ____ system is too coordinate the activities of the body
NERVOUS
The _____ _____ system or _ _ _ is the brain and the spinal cord
CENTRAL NERVOUS; CNS
The ______ _____ system or _ _ _ is composed by the nerves and nerve tissues called ganglia
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS; PNS
_____ are bundles of fibers that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
NERVES
The nerves transmit information throughout the body as electrochemical messages called _____
IMPULSES
The _____ is the chief organ of the nervous system and consist of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the _____ stem
BRAIN
The _____ is the largest part of the brain and controls conscious thought and reason
CEREBRUM
The ____ is a wrinkled fist-sized mass at the back of the brain below the cerebrum, it is responsible for balance and skeletal muscle coordination. It coordinates activities like walking, writing, speaking, and riding a bike
CEREBELLUM
The _____ ____ connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord, it is responsible for the rest of the body’ s automatic activities, including digestion, heartbeat, breathing, and regulation of body temperature
BRAIN STEM
The ____ ____ is inside the vertebral column an transmits impulses from the brain to the peripheral nervous system, it also controls simple reflexes like withdrawing from pain. It sends your muscles the message to pull your hand away when it touches a hot object
SPINAL CORD
_____ _____ fibers transmit information to the brain and the spinal cord
SENSORY NERVE
_____ ____ fibers transmit messages from the CNS to the muscles an the other organs
MOTOR NERVE
The nervous system contains information about the body through _____ _____, special nerve endings that detect conditions around you
SENSORY RECEPTORS
_____ are the chemical substances responsible for controlling many automatic activities of the body, including growth and digestion
HORMONES
A _____ is a structure that forms and releases a chemical substance
GLAND
The glands of the _____ system are called ____ glands, these release their secretions directly into the bod
ENDOCRINE
The ____ gland is often called the “master gland” because its hormones control the action of other endocrine glands
PITUITARY
The ___ gland is a bow-tie shaped gland located in the front of the neck, below the larynx
THYROID
The thyroid gland produces _____, a hormone that regulates the body’s metabolism
THYROXINE
The ___ glands work with the thyroid gland to control the amount of calcium in the blood
PARATHYROID
The ____ glands causes the heart to begin to pound, you to breathe faster, and to perspire when you are very frightened or in stress
ADRENAL
The inner part of the adrenal gland produces the hormone _____ (commonly called adrenaline), which is responsible for the body’s response to stress, it puts the body on high alert to deal with emergencies.
EPINEPHRINE
Clusters of endocrine on the inside of the pancreas are called the ____ of ______
ISLETS, LANGERHANS
____ and _____ regulate sugar levels throughout the body
INSULIN, GLUCAGON
____ _____ is a disease caused either when not enough insulin is produced ( type 1 diabetes ) or when the body does not respond properly to the insulin that is produced ( type 2 diabetes )
DIABETES MELLITUS
The small, round ____ gland located in the center of the brain , serves as a clock to control walking and sleeping
PINEAL
The body system responsible for producing new human beings is the ____ system
REPRODUCTIVE
The female reproductive cells are called ___
EGGS
The male reproductive cells are called ____
SPERM
