Chapter 3.2 Interrelated systems 1 Flashcards
The highest and most obvious level of organization within your body is the ______
SYSTEM
An _______ is a group of tissues specifically arranged to perform a definite function or functions
ORGAN
_____ are made up of still smaller units called cells
TISSUES
______ are not the smallest units of matter, they are the smallest units of living things
CELLS
The word _____ describes the body parts through which blood travels
CARDIOVASCULAR
Over 50% of your blood consists of the straw- colored liquid called ____
PLASMA
____ ____ cells transport oxygen to the other cells of the body
RED BLOOD
_____ is an iron substance that helps red blood cells transport oxygen
HEMOGLOBIN
_____ in the blood are cell pieces that form clots and seal up cuts
PLATELETS
______ are large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and branch into smaller vessels called arterioles
ARTERIES
Smaller vessels that branch into vast networks of still smaller vessels called capillaries are ____
ARTERIOLES
___ ______ cells help protect the body from disease
WHITE BLOOD
_____ are next to your body’s cells
CAPILLARIES
_____ are similar to arterioles; however, they carry blood from the capillaries to the veins
VENULES
___ are large blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
VEINS
The upper chamber of the heart is called an _____
ATRIUM
The lower chamber of the heart is a ventricle
VENTRICLE
A tough, slippery membrane that encloses the heart, allowing the chambers to contract and relax without rubbing against surrounding tissues is called the _____
PERICARDIUM
____ is the mixing of gas or liquid molecules by random molecular motion
DIFFUSION
______ circulation transports the blood back and forth between the lungs and the heart
PULMONARY
The blood flow to the heart tissues is called ____ circulation and provide the large amounts of oxygen and nutrients necessary to keep the heart pumping
CORONARY
_____ circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
SYSTEMATIC
The ______ system’s major functions is to exchange oxygen from the air with carbon dioxide from the blood
RESPIRATION
The _______ cavity warms, moistens, and filters air
NASAL
The _______ membrane lining the nasal cavity secretes sticky mucus that traps dust particles and other unknown substances found in the air
MOCOUS
The _____ is the throat
PHARYNX
The _____ is the voice box
LARYNX
The _____ is the wind pipe
TRACHEA
The trachea branch into the right and left _____ which allow the air to enter the lungs
BRONCHI
The _______ located in the thoracic cavity are large, spongy organs of the reparatory system
LUNGS
Each lung is covered by a thin, slippery membrane called the ______
PLEURA
Your lungs contain about 300 million tiny air sacs called _____, they are the vital functioning units of the respiratory system that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between your blood and the air
ALVEOLI
The dome-shaped _____ is a muscle that helps you breathe by contracting to create more space in your thoracic cavity
DIAPHRAGM
Your _____ system breaks down the food you eat, allowing the food to be absorbed by the blood and to be used by the body as an energy source
DIGESTIVE
The path food follows through the digestive system is called the ______ canal
ALIMENTARY
_____ are molecules designed to make chemical reactions occur very rapidly that break down starch from food into sugar
ENZYMES
_____ contains the enzymes
SALIVA
The visible part of our teeth is called the _____
CROWN
The crown is covered by _____, the hardest substance found in our bodies
ENAMEL
The part of the tooth that is not covered by the enamel is the ____
ROOT
Under the enamel is a hard, bonelike tissue called ______, which forms and shapes the tooth
DENTIN
A thin, bonelike covering over the root that holds the tooth firmly in its socket is a ____
CEMENTUM
The _____ membrane connects the cementum to the jaw bone
PERIODONTAL
The _____ are critical for digestion
TEETH
A long, muscular tube that connects your mouth to the stomach is an _____
ESOPHAGUS
The involuntary contraction of muscles in the esophagus that pushes food toward your stomach is called _____
PERISTALSIS
The ____ is a trapdoor that keeps food from the trachea
EPIGLOTTIS
The muscular organ that acts as a storage and mixing chamber is called the _____
STOMACH
The organ where most chemical digestion and food absorption occurs is the ______
SMALL INTESTINE
The first 10 inches of the small intestine is the ______, in which food is mixed with digestive secretions from the intestinal wall, pancreas, and liver
DUODENUM
A large number of hairlike tubes that cover the inside walls of the 3 sections of the small intestine are called ___
VILLI
The body’s largest internal organ that works in several systems , but its 2 main functions help the digestive system is the _____
LIVER
The liver produces a yellowish-green liquid called ____, which is mixed with food in the small intestine to help digest fat
BILE
The quart of bile produced daily by the liver is stored in the _____ located beneath the liver
GALLBLADDER
The _____ produces ____ juice that is sent into the small intestine. It contains enzymes that help digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
PANCREAS; PANCREATIC
The ____ or large intestine is a 5 foot-long tube that absorbs most of the water and some remaining nutrients
COLON
The ____ is a short section at the end of the colon where the mixture will be eliminated as feces
RECTUM
The_____ system, which excretes wastes from your body includes the lungs, liver, colon, and sweat glands in the skin
EXCRETORY
The _____ system, removes liquid and soluble waste products from the body
URINARY
The bean-shaped organs that contain a compact system of very small tubes which filter waste products and excess water from your blood are _____
KIDNEYS
The ____ connect the kidneys to the bladder
URETERS
The urine is stored in the ____
BLADDER
The _____ canal discharges urine from the body
URETHA
The ______ system circulates certain body fluids and protects the body from disease
LYMPHATIC
The fluid supplied by the cardiovascular system that helps your cells stay clean and maintain the right water balance is _____ fluid
TISSUE
______ is forced into lymph capillaries is the tissue fluid that has cleaned the cells
LYMPH
_____ _____ are enlarged bundles of lymphatic tissues that clean lymph of debris and microorganisms before sending the lymph back to the blood
LYMPH NODES
Disease - causing organisms are ______
PATHOGENS
Accumulations of lymphatic tissue that prevent pathogens from entering your body through the throat are ______ and ______
ADENOIDS; TONSILS
Your largest lymphatic organ located behind your stomach that houses blood and white blood cells is _____
SPLEEN
The ______ system fights invading microorganisms, this system includes the skin.
IMMUNE
______ execute the body’s initial attack
NEUTROPHILS
_______ move in after neutrophils to combat the missed enemies and to clean up after the battle
MACROPHAGES
______ eater cells that contribute the most in the battle against pathogens
PHAGOCYTES
_______ are an important group of white blood cells that includes B cells, helper T cells, and killer T cells
LYMPHOCYTES
________ bind in to pathogens and inactivates them so they cannot do any damage before they are destroyed, they also mark the pathogens for destruction by white blood cells
ANTIBODIES
The ______ allows lymphocytes to grow and mature
THYMUS
