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Science 7 > Chapter 3.2 Interrelated systems 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 3.2 Interrelated systems 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The highest and most obvious level of organization within your body is the ______

A

SYSTEM

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2
Q

An _______ is a group of tissues specifically arranged to perform a definite function or functions

A

ORGAN

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3
Q

_____ are made up of still smaller units called cells

A

TISSUES

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4
Q

______ are not the smallest units of matter, they are the smallest units of living things

A

CELLS

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5
Q

The word _____ describes the body parts through which blood travels

A

CARDIOVASCULAR

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6
Q

Over 50% of your blood consists of the straw- colored liquid called ____

A

PLASMA

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7
Q

____ ____ cells transport oxygen to the other cells of the body

A

RED BLOOD

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8
Q

_____ is an iron substance that helps red blood cells transport oxygen

A

HEMOGLOBIN

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9
Q

_____ in the blood are cell pieces that form clots and seal up cuts

A

PLATELETS

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10
Q

______ are large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and branch into smaller vessels called arterioles

A

ARTERIES

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11
Q

Smaller vessels that branch into vast networks of still smaller vessels called capillaries are ____

A

ARTERIOLES

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12
Q

___ ______ cells help protect the body from disease

A

WHITE BLOOD

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13
Q

_____ are next to your body’s cells

A

CAPILLARIES

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14
Q

_____ are similar to arterioles; however, they carry blood from the capillaries to the veins

A

VENULES

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15
Q

___ are large blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

A

VEINS

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16
Q

The upper chamber of the heart is called an _____

A

ATRIUM

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17
Q

The lower chamber of the heart is a ventricle

A

VENTRICLE

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18
Q

A tough, slippery membrane that encloses the heart, allowing the chambers to contract and relax without rubbing against surrounding tissues is called the _____

A

PERICARDIUM

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19
Q

____ is the mixing of gas or liquid molecules by random molecular motion

A

DIFFUSION

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20
Q

______ circulation transports the blood back and forth between the lungs and the heart

A

PULMONARY

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21
Q

The blood flow to the heart tissues is called ____ circulation and provide the large amounts of oxygen and nutrients necessary to keep the heart pumping

A

CORONARY

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22
Q

_____ circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

A

SYSTEMATIC

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23
Q

The ______ system’s major functions is to exchange oxygen from the air with carbon dioxide from the blood

A

RESPIRATION

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24
Q

The _______ cavity warms, moistens, and filters air

A

NASAL

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25
Q

The _______ membrane lining the nasal cavity secretes sticky mucus that traps dust particles and other unknown substances found in the air

A

MOCOUS

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26
Q

The _____ is the throat

A

PHARYNX

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27
Q

The _____ is the voice box

A

LARYNX

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28
Q

The _____ is the wind pipe

A

TRACHEA

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29
Q

The trachea branch into the right and left _____ which allow the air to enter the lungs

A

BRONCHI

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30
Q

The _______ located in the thoracic cavity are large, spongy organs of the reparatory system

A

LUNGS

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31
Q

Each lung is covered by a thin, slippery membrane called the ______

A

PLEURA

32
Q

Your lungs contain about 300 million tiny air sacs called _____, they are the vital functioning units of the respiratory system that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between your blood and the air

A

ALVEOLI

33
Q

The dome-shaped _____ is a muscle that helps you breathe by contracting to create more space in your thoracic cavity

A

DIAPHRAGM

34
Q

Your _____ system breaks down the food you eat, allowing the food to be absorbed by the blood and to be used by the body as an energy source

A

DIGESTIVE

35
Q

The path food follows through the digestive system is called the ______ canal

A

ALIMENTARY

36
Q

_____ are molecules designed to make chemical reactions occur very rapidly that break down starch from food into sugar

A

ENZYMES

37
Q

_____ contains the enzymes

A

SALIVA

38
Q

The visible part of our teeth is called the _____

A

CROWN

39
Q

The crown is covered by _____, the hardest substance found in our bodies

A

ENAMEL

40
Q

The part of the tooth that is not covered by the enamel is the ____

A

ROOT

41
Q

Under the enamel is a hard, bonelike tissue called ______, which forms and shapes the tooth

A

DENTIN

42
Q

A thin, bonelike covering over the root that holds the tooth firmly in its socket is a ____

A

CEMENTUM

43
Q

The _____ membrane connects the cementum to the jaw bone

A

PERIODONTAL

44
Q

The _____ are critical for digestion

A

TEETH

45
Q

A long, muscular tube that connects your mouth to the stomach is an _____

A

ESOPHAGUS

46
Q

The involuntary contraction of muscles in the esophagus that pushes food toward your stomach is called _____

A

PERISTALSIS

47
Q

The ____ is a trapdoor that keeps food from the trachea

A

EPIGLOTTIS

48
Q

The muscular organ that acts as a storage and mixing chamber is called the _____

A

STOMACH

49
Q

The organ where most chemical digestion and food absorption occurs is the ______

A

SMALL INTESTINE

50
Q

The first 10 inches of the small intestine is the ______, in which food is mixed with digestive secretions from the intestinal wall, pancreas, and liver

A

DUODENUM

51
Q

A large number of hairlike tubes that cover the inside walls of the 3 sections of the small intestine are called ___

A

VILLI

52
Q

The body’s largest internal organ that works in several systems , but its 2 main functions help the digestive system is the _____

A

LIVER

53
Q

The liver produces a yellowish-green liquid called ____, which is mixed with food in the small intestine to help digest fat

A

BILE

54
Q

The quart of bile produced daily by the liver is stored in the _____ located beneath the liver

A

GALLBLADDER

55
Q

The _____ produces ____ juice that is sent into the small intestine. It contains enzymes that help digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

A

PANCREAS; PANCREATIC

56
Q

The ____ or large intestine is a 5 foot-long tube that absorbs most of the water and some remaining nutrients

A

COLON

57
Q

The ____ is a short section at the end of the colon where the mixture will be eliminated as feces

A

RECTUM

58
Q

The_____ system, which excretes wastes from your body includes the lungs, liver, colon, and sweat glands in the skin

A

EXCRETORY

59
Q

The _____ system, removes liquid and soluble waste products from the body

A

URINARY

60
Q

The bean-shaped organs that contain a compact system of very small tubes which filter waste products and excess water from your blood are _____

A

KIDNEYS

61
Q

The ____ connect the kidneys to the bladder

A

URETERS

62
Q

The urine is stored in the ____

A

BLADDER

63
Q

The _____ canal discharges urine from the body

A

URETHA

64
Q

The ______ system circulates certain body fluids and protects the body from disease

A

LYMPHATIC

65
Q

The fluid supplied by the cardiovascular system that helps your cells stay clean and maintain the right water balance is _____ fluid

A

TISSUE

66
Q

______ is forced into lymph capillaries is the tissue fluid that has cleaned the cells

A

LYMPH

67
Q

_____ _____ are enlarged bundles of lymphatic tissues that clean lymph of debris and microorganisms before sending the lymph back to the blood

A

LYMPH NODES

68
Q

Disease - causing organisms are ______

A

PATHOGENS

69
Q

Accumulations of lymphatic tissue that prevent pathogens from entering your body through the throat are ______ and ______

A

ADENOIDS; TONSILS

70
Q

Your largest lymphatic organ located behind your stomach that houses blood and white blood cells is _____

A

SPLEEN

71
Q

The ______ system fights invading microorganisms, this system includes the skin.

A

IMMUNE

72
Q

______ execute the body’s initial attack

A

NEUTROPHILS

73
Q

_______ move in after neutrophils to combat the missed enemies and to clean up after the battle

A

MACROPHAGES

74
Q

______ eater cells that contribute the most in the battle against pathogens

A

PHAGOCYTES

75
Q

_______ are an important group of white blood cells that includes B cells, helper T cells, and killer T cells

A

LYMPHOCYTES

76
Q

________ bind in to pathogens and inactivates them so they cannot do any damage before they are destroyed, they also mark the pathogens for destruction by white blood cells

A

ANTIBODIES

77
Q

The ______ allows lymphocytes to grow and mature

A

THYMUS

Science 7 (26 decks)

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