chapter 33 and 30

Question 1

bryophytes

Answer 1

a paraphyletic group of nonvascular plants that includes the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

Question 2

thallus

Answer 2

a flatted photosynthetic structure produced by some byphytes

Question 3

epiphytes

Answer 3

a plant that grows high in the canopy of other plants, or on branches or trunks of trees, without contact with the soil

Question 4

peat bogs

Answer 4

wetland in which dead organic matter accumulates

Question 5

pinnae

Answer 5

small unit of the photosynthetic surface on fen leaves

Question 6

lycophytes

Answer 6

a monophyletic major group of spore-dispersing vascular plants that are the sister group to all other vascular plants

Question 7

gymnosperms

Answer 7

seed plants whose ovules are not enclosed in a carpel

Question 8

angiosperms

Answer 8

the flowering plants; angiosperms are a monophyletic group of seed plants characterized by flowers, double fertilization and fruits

Question 9

monocots

Answer 9

are flowering plants whose seeds typically contain only one embryonic leaf

Question 10

eudicots

Answer 10

are a monophyletic clade of flowering plants that had been called tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicots by previous authors

Question 11

spores

Answer 11

a reproductive cell capable of growing into a new individual without fusion with another cell

Question 12

sporophyte

Answer 12

describes the diploid multicellular generation in plants that produces spores

Question 13

gametophyte

Answer 13

in alternation of generations, describes the haploid multicellular generation that gives rise to gametes

Question 14

alternation of generations

Answer 14

the life cycle in which a haploid phase, the gametophyte and a diploid phase, the sporophyte, follow one after the other

Question 15

sporangium

Answer 15

in plants, a multicellular structure in which haploid spores are formed by meiosis

Question 16

pollen

Answer 16

in seed plants, the multicellular male gametophyte surrounded by a sporopollenin-containing outer wall

Question 17

pollination

Answer 17

the process in which pollen is carried to an ovule

Question 18

fruit

Answer 18

in angiosperms, the structure that develops from the ovary, sometimes united with adjacent tissues, and serves to protect immature seeds and enhance dispersal once the seeds are mature

Question 19

carpel

Answer 19

an ovule-producing floral organ in the center whorl

Question 20

stamen

Answer 20

a pollen-producing floral organ

Question 21

style

Answer 21

a cylindrical stalk between the ovary and stigma, through which the pollen tube grows

Question 22

stigma

Answer 22

the surface at the top of the carpel, to which pollen adheres

Question 23

anther

Answer 23

in flowering plants, a structure at the top of a stamen consisting of several sporangia in which pollen is produced

Question 24

sepals

Answer 24

a structure, often green, that forms the outermost whorl of a flower with other sepals and encases and protects the flower during its development

Question 25

petals

Answer 25

a structure, often brightly colored and distinctively shaped, occurring in the next-to-outermost whorl of a flower