Chapter 33 - Alterations In Female Reproductive Systems Flashcards
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea results from
Excessive prostaglandin secretion
Prostaglandin results in
Myometrial (smooth muscle cells of uterine wall) stimulation and vasoconstriction
Dysmenorrhea result:
Constriction of endometrial tissue, and nerve hypersensitivity = PAIN
Dysmenorrhea: pain is directly related to
Length and amount of menstrual flow
TX Dysmenorrhea
NSAIDs
Layers of uterus inner to outer
- Endometrium
- Myometrium
- Uterus
Primary amenorrhea
Absence of menstruations by 13 yoa without development of secondary characteristics by 15 yoa
Secondary amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation for 3 cycles in women with previous cycles
Important for amenorrhea is to understand
Compartmentalizations
amenorrhea compartment 1:
Disorder due to anatomical defects
-absence of vagina and uterus
amenorrhea compartment 2:
Disorder of ovary/genetic disorders
-Turner’s syndrome
amenorrhea compartment 3:
disorder of anterior pituitary gland
-results in failure of FSH and LH to properly signal ovaries s
Amenorrhea compartment 4:
Disorder due to CNS that prevents release of hypothalamic GnRH
What is the leading cause of infertility in NA?
PCOS
Diagnosis of PCOS
Anovulatory (skipped ovulations) and menstrual cycles
-elevated levels of androgen
PCOS is related to
Genetics and obesity prone lifestyle
Obesity and PCOS
-PCOS predisposes for obesity
-obesity predisposes to PCOS
Obesity prone lifestyle =
Inc insulin resistance and excess of insulin + androgens
-hyperinsulinemia = overstimulation of ovarian androgen secretion
Overstimulation of ovarian androgen secretion causes
-inc free androgen which inc follicular growth
-inc insulin suppresses follicular apoptosis = survival of follicles that would normally disintegrate
Result of PCOS
Ovaries become enlarged and contain fluid filled sacs (follicles) that surround eggs
Exogenous
Most often sexually transmitted
Endogenous
Microorganism that have normal residence of vagina, bowel and vulva
Pelvic inflammatory disease affects
Upper gentian tract (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries)
Risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease
Earlier untreated sexually transmitted disease, or having multiple sex partners
pelvic inflammatory disease develops when
Pathogens ascend from an infected cervix to infect fallopian tubes