Chapter 3.1- the brain

Question 1

Neuroimaging: what is under structural and what is under functional?

Answer 1

structural: CT and MRI Functional: fMRI and PET

Question 2

Left side of the brain is often thought to be the more ——- side and the right to be the more —— side.

Answer 2

logical/creative

Question 3

Hidnbrain and structures?

Answer 3

coordinates info coming into and out of the spinal cord, and controls the basic functions of life like breathing and heart rate. First evolved of the brain. The structures that make up is medulla, reticular formation, the cerebellum and the pons

Question 4

Pons:

Answer 4

is a structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

Question 5

epigenetics:

Answer 5

the study of envrionmental influences that determines whether or not genes are expressed or the degree to which they are expressed without altering the basic DNA sequences that constitute the genes themselves.

Question 6

Cerebellum:

Answer 6

is a large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.

Question 7

Forebrain:

Answer 7

highest level of brain. Critical for complex cognitive, emotional, sensory ad motor functions. 2 main sections: cerebral corttex and subcortical structures

Question 8

the cerebral cortex contains what lobes: what does each sense

Answer 8

1. Occipital lobe- processes visual info 2. Parietal love- processes info about touch 3. temporal lobe- responsible for hearing and language 4. frontal lobe - has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory and judgement

Question 9

the overall functioning of the endocrine gland is orchestrated by what?

Answer 9

the pituitary gland!

Question 10

somatosensory cortex:

Answer 10

a strip of brain tissue running from the top of the brain down to the sides. If a body area is more snesitive, a larger part of the somatosensory cortex is devoted to it.

Question 11

Subcortical structures:

Answer 11

areas of the forebrain housed under the cerebral cortex near the centre of the brain.

Question 12

Tectum:

Answer 12

orients an organism in the environment. Receives stimulus from the eyes, ears and skin and moves the organism in a coordinated way towards the stimulus. ex.) you hear a door open behind you and you swivel towards it.

Question 13

Hypothalmus:

Answer 13

regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst and sexual behaviour. Also part of limbic system

Question 14

Tegmentum:

Answer 14

is involved in movement and arousal

Question 15

Amygdala:

Answer 15

plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories.

Question 16

what are the subcortical structures?

Answer 16

1. thalamus 2. hypothalamus 3. Pituitary gland

Question 17

the endocrine system:

Answer 17

is a network of glands that produce and secret into the bloodstream chemical messages known as hormones which influence a wide variety of basic functions including metabolism, growth, and sexual development.

Question 18

what are the three major divisions of the brain?

Answer 18

1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain

Question 19

Limbic system:

Answer 19

the limbic system is a group of forebrain structures including the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala which are involved in motivation, emotion, learning and memory

Question 20

Reticular formation:

Answer 20

regulates sleep, wakefulness and levels of arousal

Question 21

4 important points to hear about heritability:

Answer 21

1. Heritability is an abstract concept 2., is a population concept 3. is dependent on the environment 4. is not fate

Question 22

Hippocampus:

Answer 22

critical for creating new memories and inetgrating them into a network of knowledge so they can be stored indefinetly in other parts of the cerebral cortex.

Question 23

Medulla:

Answer 23

extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation and respiration

Question 24

Homunculus:

Answer 24

shows the different amounts of areas of brain associated with different parts.

Question 25

Pituitary gland:

Answer 25

three master gland of the bodys hormone-producing system which released hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body.

Question 26

Contralateral control: what is the corpus callosum

Answer 26

the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body and the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body. The corpus callosum allows communication to occur between the left and right side.

Question 27

Midbrain; function and structures?

Answer 27

important for orientation and movement and ability to understand orientation and movement. 2 main strctures: the tectum and tegmentum

Question 28

Heritability:

Answer 28

is a measure of the variability of behavioural traits among individuals that can be accounted for by genetic factors.

Question 29

cerebral corttex:

Answer 29

is the outermost layer of the brain, visible to the naked eye and divided into 2 hemispheres.

Question 30

Lateralization:

Answer 30

specilization of the left and right hemisphere

Question 31

thalamus:

Answer 31

receives inputs from all the major senses except smell which has direct connections to the cerebral cortex. The thalamus acts as a kind of computer server in a networked system, taking in multiple inputs and relaying them to a variety of locations.