Chapter 1 Flashcards
does the mozart effect actually work?
not really. There is short term spatial temporal reasoning improvements. Did not help with overall intelligence.
Hysteria:
a temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences.
Freud worked with hysteric patients and theorized that it could be traced to what?
something that happened during their childhood.
Psychoanalytic theory:
an approach that emphasizes the importance of uncoscious mental processes in shaping feeling, thoughts and behaviours.
what was the first measure of intelligence by Francis Galton?
anthropometric laboratory: Using reaction time difference between weights, difference between 2 lights.
Gall created Phrenology:
a now discredited theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to the capacity for happiness are localized in specific regions of the brain.
Weschler scales of intelligence:
had a test for infant, child and adult. Most frequently used in North America. He had a verbal scale (information, comprehension, similarities, vocabulary) and performance scale (object assembly, block design, picture arrangement, picture completion)
what did aristotle believe in? define it?
empiricism- the view that all knowledge is aquired through experience
what did William James believe in?
functionalism. He was inspired by charles darwin
Psychology
is the scientific study of mind and behaviour
Gestalt psychology:
a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.
what do lie detectors detect?
- heart rate - blood pressure - respiratory rate electro-dermal activity
cultural psychology:
is the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members.
mind:
refers to the private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories and feelings. An every flowing stream of consciousness
why was behaviourism eventually replaced?
It ignored some key things such as the mental processes that had fascinated psychologists such as wundt and james and in so found itseelf unable to explain some very important pohenomena such as how children learn language. It ignored evolutionary history of the organisms it studied.
Structuralism, functionalism and psychoanalysis are different but have what similairity?
each tried to understand the inner workings of the mind by examining conscious perceptions, thoughts, memories and feelings or by trying to elicit previously unconscious material all of which were reported by participants in experiments or patients in a clinical setting.
Max Wertheimer studied Illusions: define:
errors of perception, memory or judgement in which subjective experience differs from objective reality.
Functionalism-
the study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to their environments.
evolutionary psychology:
explains mind and behaviour in terms of the adaptive value of abilites that are preserved over time by natural selection.
Cognitive neuroscience:
field of study that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity.
what was the problem with the army alpha and army beta test?
very biased to american culture
Behaviourism: proposed by who?
advocated that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behaviour. Proposed by watson.
structuralism:
the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind.
what are the 2 main ways to deal with anger?
constructive and destructive
Social psychology:
is the study of the causes and cosequences of sociality
Standford Binet:
Intelligence testing comes to North America. Basically translated to english same test as alfreds and is the second most frequently used test today.
Plato argued in favor of what? Define it.
Nativism- the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn.
Mozart effect:
the idea that listening to classical music, and your infants listen to classical music will increase their intelligence.
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers pioneered a new movement called what? define it.
Humanistic psychology: an approach to understanding human nature and emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.
What did Alfred Binet do?
Mentall subnormal and normal children. He was to determine kids who performed well and not well in the classroom. We call him the father of average intelligence testing because we still do that today.
Describe the case of Genie
a 13 year old girl discovered by child welfare services living in isolation in a house tied to a chair, no one talked to her and had no TLC. She had no language. She never got a language either which highlighted an importance and critical age that you need to be surrounded by language.
computers helped creat what?
cognitive psychology: the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory and reasoning.
Bhevaioural neuroscience:
an approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and to other bodily processes.
Introspection:
the subjective observation of ones own experience. This faded because of mis-use
Ravens progressive matrices:
non-verbal measure of intelligence. Comparing patterns within objects and identifying which objects comes next in that sequence. Not used very much anymore.
Cosciousness-
a persons subjective experience of the world and the mind.
Psychoanalysis:
bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.
Bhevaiour:
refers to observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals
Physiology-
the study of biological processes, expeciall in the human body.
