(Chapter 3.1) Chemical Reactions: Changing Matter Flashcards
Define compounds
A substance that consists of at least 2 elements.
Define reactants
A substance that occurs initially in a chemical reaction.
Define product
A substance that is formed as a result of the chemical reaction
What happens to the atoms in a chemical reaction?
The atoms are rearranged, not created or destroyed
Signs of a chemical reaction
Colour change, temperature change, precipitate, production of a gas, smell or taste change and light emission
In chemistry, which bond (ionic or covalent) is stronger?
Ionic. If you were interested, the “in chemistry” part is necessary as in biology, covalent are considered to be stronger as the 2 subjects measure strength in different ways. Chemistry measures absolute strength while biology measures the strength in a biological system, which is usually aqueous (water-based) and ionic bonds break easier in water.
Ionic compounds are bonds between…
Metal and non-metal elements
How are ionic compounds formed?
An electron from the valence shell of a metallic element is permanently transferred to the valence shell of a non-metallic element
Covalent bonds are bonds between…
Non-metallic elements
How are covalent compounds formed?
Non-metallic elements share valence electrons in order to be stable
What is the difference between covalent and molecular compounds
There is no difference
When naming compounds, which element is in front?
The element found further left in the periodic table is in front
When is the ‘-ate’ and ‘-ite’ ending used? E.g. Nitrate and Nitrite
The ‘ate’ ending is used for polyatomic anions with the higher oxidation state. The ‘-ite’ ending is used for polyatomic anions with the lower oxidation state. This can be shown through nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2). An exception to this rule is hydroxide as when it was first discovered, it was believed to be a monoatomic anion.
When is the ‘ide’ ending used? E.g. Chloride
The ‘ide’ ending is used for monatomic ions
Define cation
An positive ion
