Chapter 3.1 - Biological elements

Question 1

What are the roles of calcium ions? (Ca²⁺)

Answer 1

1. Nerve impulse transmission
2. Muscle contraction

Question 2

What are the roles of sodium ions? (Na⁺)

Answer 2

1. Nerve impulse transmission
2. Kidney function

Question 3

What are the roles of potassium ions? (K⁺)

Answer 3

1. Nerve impulse transmission
2. Stomatal opening

Question 4

What are the roles of hydrogen ions? (H⁺)

Answer 4

1. Catalysis of reactions
2. pH determination

Question 5

What is the role of ammonium ions? (NH₄⁺)

Answer 5

Production of nitrate ions by bacteria

Question 6

What are the roles of nitrate ions? (NO₃⁻)

Answer 6

Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation

Question 7

What is the role of hydrogen carbonate ions? (HCO₃⁻)

Answer 7

Maintenance of blood pH

Question 8

What are the roles of chloride ions? (Cl⁻)

Answer 8

Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells

Question 9

What are the roles of phosphate ions? (PO₄³⁻)

Answer 9

1. Cell membrane formation
2. Nucleic acid and ATP formation
3. Bone formation

Question 10

What are the roles of hydroxide ions? (OH⁻)

Answer 10

1. Catalysis of reactions
2. pH determination

Question 11

What are the four biological molecules?

Answer 11

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids

Question 12

What elements form carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Carbone, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 13

What elements form lipids?

Answer 13

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 14

What elements form proteins?

Answer 14

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

Question 15

What elements form nucleic acids?

Answer 15

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 16

What are polymers?

Answer 16

Long chain molecules composed of multiple bonded molecules in a repeating pattern