Chapter 3.1 - Biological elements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the roles of calcium ions? (Ca²⁺)

A
  1. Nerve impulse transmission
  2. Muscle contraction
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2
Q

What are the roles of sodium ions? (Na⁺)

A
  1. Nerve impulse transmission
  2. Kidney function
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3
Q

What are the roles of potassium ions? (K⁺)

A
  1. Nerve impulse transmission
  2. Stomatal opening
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4
Q

What are the roles of hydrogen ions? (H⁺)

A
  1. Catalysis of reactions
  2. pH determination
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5
Q

What is the role of ammonium ions? (NH₄⁺)

A

Production of nitrate ions by bacteria

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6
Q

What are the roles of nitrate ions? (NO₃⁻)

A

Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation

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7
Q

What is the role of hydrogen carbonate ions? (HCO₃⁻)

A

Maintenance of blood pH

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8
Q

What are the roles of chloride ions? (Cl⁻)

A

Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells

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9
Q

What are the roles of phosphate ions? (PO₄³⁻)

A
  1. Cell membrane formation
  2. Nucleic acid and ATP formation
  3. Bone formation
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10
Q

What are the roles of hydroxide ions? (OH⁻)

A
  1. Catalysis of reactions
  2. pH determination
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11
Q

What are the four biological molecules?

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic acids
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12
Q

What elements form carbohydrates?

A

Carbone, hydrogen, and oxygen

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13
Q

What elements form lipids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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14
Q

What elements form proteins?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

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15
Q

What elements form nucleic acids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

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16
Q

What are polymers?

A

Long chain molecules composed of multiple bonded molecules in a repeating pattern