Chapter 3.1 - Biological elements Flashcards
What are the roles of calcium ions? (Ca²⁺)
- Nerve impulse transmission
- Muscle contraction
What are the roles of sodium ions? (Na⁺)
- Nerve impulse transmission
- Kidney function
What are the roles of potassium ions? (K⁺)
- Nerve impulse transmission
- Stomatal opening
What are the roles of hydrogen ions? (H⁺)
- Catalysis of reactions
- pH determination
What is the role of ammonium ions? (NH₄⁺)
Production of nitrate ions by bacteria
What are the roles of nitrate ions? (NO₃⁻)
Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation
What is the role of hydrogen carbonate ions? (HCO₃⁻)
Maintenance of blood pH
What are the roles of chloride ions? (Cl⁻)
Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells
What are the roles of phosphate ions? (PO₄³⁻)
- Cell membrane formation
- Nucleic acid and ATP formation
- Bone formation
What are the roles of hydroxide ions? (OH⁻)
- Catalysis of reactions
- pH determination
What are the four biological molecules?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
What elements form carbohydrates?
Carbone, hydrogen, and oxygen
What elements form lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What elements form proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
What elements form nucleic acids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
What are polymers?
Long chain molecules composed of multiple bonded molecules in a repeating pattern