Chapter 31 Flashcards
A healthy adult can tolerate blood loss of up to how many milliliters over a period of 15 to 20 minutes without any negative effects?
• 1,000 mL
• 1,500 mL
• 750 mL
• 500 mL
500 mL.
Which of the following organs or body systems requires a constant blood supply, regardless of external factors?
• Skin
• Muscles
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Kidneys
Kidneys.
Confusion, a sustained heart rate of 130 beats/min, and a respiratory rate of 32 breaths/min in a 70-kg patient are consistent with which class of hemorrhage?
• IV
• III
• II
• I
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The cardiac cycle begins with the onset of myocardial contraction and ends:
• with the beginning of the next contraction.
• as blood returns to the right atrium.
• as both ventricles are filling with blood.
• when the ventricles are emptied of blood.
With the beginning of the next contraction
Hematochezia:
• is the passage of stools that contain bright red blood.
• indicates digested blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
• suggests kidney injury and is characterized by bloody urine.
• is the passage of dark stools and indicates lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Is the passage of stools that contain bright red blood
The paramedic’s main goal in treating a patient with shock is to:
• start two large-bore IV lines and infuse enough isotonic crystalloid solution to maintain adequate tissue perfusion.
• administer oxygen in a concentration sufficient to maintain an oxygen saturation greater than 95%.
• maintain body temperature and elevate the patient’s legs 6 to 12 inches in order to improve blood flow to the core of the body.
• recognize the signs and symptoms of shock in its earliest phase and begin immediate treatment before permanent damage occurs.
recognize the signs and symptoms of shock in its earliest phase and begin immediate treatment before permanent damage occurs.
When applying a tourniquet to control major external hemorrhage from an extremity injury, you should:
• secure the tourniquet in place until the pulses distal to the injury have weakened.
• maintain direct pressure to the wound until the tourniquet has been fully applied.
• apply a pressure dressing over the tourniquet to further help control the bleeding.
• apply the tourniquet over a joint, as this will further help compress blood vessels.
Maintain direct pressure to the wound until the tourniquet has been fully applied.
Venous bleeding:
• is generally more difficult to control than arterial bleeding.
• is more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding.
• is bright red in color and typically spurts from a wound.
• is dark red in color and usually oozes from the wound.
Is more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding
Which of the following aggregates into a clump and forms much of the foundation of a blood clot during the process of coagulation?
• Calcium
• Plasmin
• Fibrin
• Platelets
Platelets.
A fall in blood pressure and the resultant changes in plasma osmolality cause the release of:
• glycogen and luteinizing hormone.
• T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland.
• aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.
• acetylcholine and angiotensin I.
Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
Patients with internal hemorrhage will benefit most from:
• rapid transport.
• high-flow oxygen.
• TXA administration.
• IV therapy.
Rapid transport.
Hemoglobin functions by:
• binding to oxygen that is absorbed in the lungs and transporting it to the tissues.
• transporting red blood cells throughout the body to ensure adequate oxygenation.
• absorbing hydrogen ions in the blood in order to maintain acid-base balance.
• dissolving in blood plasma to create the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
Binding to oxygen that is absorbed in the lungs and transporting it to the tissues.
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into:
• heat.
• water.
• pyruvic acid.
• ATP.
ATP.
Which of the following injury locations can cause a junctional hemorrhage?
• Side of the neck
• Behind the knee
• Antecubital fossa
• In the axilla
In the axilla.
After packing a severe groin injury with hemostatic gauze, you should:
• administer an IV analgesic.
• soak the dressing with sterile saline.
• cover the gauze with a trauma dressing.
• hold direct pressure for at least 3 minutes.
Hold direct pressure for 3 minutes
A trauma patient with hypotension secondary to internal hemorrhage should receive IV fluid boluses in order to:
- maintain the systolic blood pressure in a low normal range.
- restore the patient’s blood pressure to its pretrauma reading.
- increase the systolic blood pressure to at least 110 mm Hg.
- increase the pulse rate by no more than 10 beats/min.
maintain the systolic blood pressure in a low normal range.
Damage control resuscitation (DRC) focuses on:
- inducing a slightly alkaline state, increasing the blood pressure with vasoactive drugs, and administering high-flow oxygen.
- controlling hemorrhage, maintaining circulating volume, and correcting coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia.
- maintaining a systolic blood pressure of at least 100 mm Hg, administration of TXA, and providing advanced airway management.
- definitive repair of all internal injuries, induction of hypothermia to reduce metabolic demand, and oxygen therapy.
controlling hemorrhage, maintaining circulating volume, and correcting coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia.
How can you tell if bleeding from the ears or nose contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
• CSF has a dark brown color.
• CSF has a high glucose content.
• CSF clots within 10 seconds.
• CSF is a bright yellow color.
CSF has a high glucose content.
