Chapter 30: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function Flashcards
Atherosclerosis raises the systolic blood pressure by:
a. increasing arterial distensibility and vessel lumen radius or diameter
b. increasing arterial distensibility and decreasing vessel lumen radius or diameter
c. decreasing arterial distensibility and increasing vessel lumen radius or diameter
d. decreasing arterial distensibility and lumen radius or diameter
d. decreasing arterial distensibility and lumen radius or diameter
Events in the development of atherosclerotic plaque include all of the following except:
a. oxidation of LDL
b. smooth muscle proliferation
c. decreased antithrombolytics
d. fibrous plaque overlies foam cells
e. complement activation
e. complement activation
G.P. is a 50-yr-old man who was referred for evaluation of blood pressure. If he had a high diastolic blood pressure, which of the following readings would reflect that?
a. 140/82 mmHg
b. 160/72 mmHg
c. 130/95 mmHg
d. 95/68 mmHg
e. 140/72 mmHg
c. 130/95 mmHg
The complications of uncontrolled hypertension include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. cerebrovascular accidents
b. anemia
c. renal injury
d. cardiac hypertrophy
b. anemia
Primary hypertension:
a. is essentially idiopathic mediated by a host of neurohumoral effects
b. can be caused by renal disease
c. can be caused by hormone imbalance
d. results from arterial coarctation
a. is essentially idiopathic mediated by a host of neurohumoral effects
Orthostatic hypotension is caused by all EXCEPT:
a. increased age
b. increased blood volume
c. autonomic nervous system dysfunction
d. bed rest
e. severe varicose veins
b. increased blood volume
Adiponectin is:
a. an enzyme
b. increased in obesity
c. antiatherogenic
d. inflammatory
d. inflammatory
Transmural myocardial infarction:
a. displays non-STEMI
b. occurs when infarction is limited to part of the heart wall c. a categorized as STEMI
d. displays T-wave inversion
c. a categorized as STEMI
A 76-yr-old male came to the ED after experiencing chest pain while shoveling snow. Lab tests revealed essentially normal blood levels of SGOT or AST, CPK, and LDH enzymes. The chest pain was relieved following bed rest and nitroglycerin therapy. The most probable diagnosis is: a. myocardial infarction
b. emphysema
c. stable angina
d. hepatic cirrhosis
e. acute pancreatitis
c. stable angina
In pericardial effusion:
a. fibrotic lesions obliterate the pericardial cavity
b. there is associated rheumatoid arthritis
c. tamponade compresses the right heart before affecting other structures
d. arterial blood pressure during inspiration exceeds that during expiration
c. tamponade compresses the right heart before affecting other structures
Increased chamber size is observed in ________ cardiomyopathy.
a. dilated
b. hypertrophic
c. restrictive
d. constrictive
a. dilated
Which of the following is NOT an expected finding in acute rheumatic fever?
a. history of pharyngeal infection
b. elevated ASO titer (anti-streptolysin O)
c. leukopenia
d. fever
c. leukopenia
In unstable angina:
a. pronounced Q waes are evident
b. transient ST elevation occurs
c. vasospasm occurs
d. T-wave inversion occurs
d. T-wave inversion occurs
Secondary hypertension is caused by:
a. sodium retention
b. renovascular disease
c. genetics
d. decreased cardiac contractibility
e. increased ventricular preload
b. renovascular disease
Which of the following statements about hypertension is incorrect?
a. malignant hypertension is characterized by a diastolic pressure of more than 140 mmHg
b. approximately 90% of hypertension cases are of the essential or primary type
c. headache is the most reliable symptom
d. when left untreated, the major risks include CVAs and cardiac hypertrophy
c. headache is the most reliable symptom
A 53-yr-old man was admitted to the E.D. after experiencing SOB, weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias and CP that did not subside following nitroglycerine therapy. Lab tests revealed the patient had an elevated serum CPK and SGOT or AST level and troponin I monoclonal antibodies. ECG tracings revealed a prominent Q wave and an elevated ST segment. The most probably diagnosis is:
a. a transient ischemic attack
b. an acute myocardial infarct
c. an attack of unstable angina pectoris
d. Prinzmetal angina e. coronary artery vasospasm
b. an acute myocardial infarct
Life-threatening consequences of coronary artery disease include:
a. angina
b. cardiomegaly
c. endocarditis
d. heart failure
d. heart failure
Which accompanies an infarcted myocardium?
a. unconsciousness
b. transient ST elevation
c. left ventricular hypertrophy
d. arrhythmias
d. arrhythmias
The most serious complication of infective endocarditis is: a. valvular deformity
b. septic emboli
c. regurgitated blood by mitral valve
d. myocardial hypertrophy
b. septic emboli
Patients with only left side heart failure would exhibit:
a. hepatomegaly
b. ankle swelling
c. pulmonary edema
d. peripheral edema
c. pulmonary edema
In congestive heart failure, there is:
a. gastrointestinal disturbances
b. elevated venous pressure
c. decreased urinary output
d. ascites
c. decreased urinary output
In right-sided heart failure, there is:
a. nocturnal dyspnea
b. dependent edema
c. blood-tinged sputum
d. rales
b. dependent edema
The appropriate initial consequence of tricuspid regurgitation would be:
a. right ventricular hypertrophy
b. left ventricular hypertrophy
c. right atrial hypertrophy
d. left atrial hypertrophy
c. right atrial hypertrophy
The appropriate initial consequence of mitral stenosis would be:
a. left atrial hypertrophy
b. left atrial/right ventricular hypertrophy
c. right and left ventricular/left atrial hypertrophy
d. hypertrophy of all chambers
b. left atrial/right ventricular hypertrophy
The appropriate initial consequence of mitral regurgitation would be:
a. left atrial hypertrophy
b. left ventricular hypertrophy
c. hypertrophy of all chambers
d. right and left ventricular/left atrial hypertrophy
d. right and left ventricular/left atrial hypertrophy
