Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

Oxygenated blood flows through the:

a. superior vena cava
b. pulmonary veins
c. pulmonary arteries
d. coronary veins

Answer 1

b. pulmonary veins

Question 2

The hepatic vein:

a. carries blood from the vena cava to the liver
b. carries blood from the liver to the vena cava
c. carries blood from the aorta to the liver
d. carries blood from the liver to the aorta

Answer 2

b. carries blood from the liver to the vena cava

Question 3

Insulin protects vascular tissue by:

a. increasing growth of vascular smooth muscle cells
b. increasing endothelial cell production of nitric oxide
c. increasing the effect of platelet-derived growth factor
d. increasing the binding of monocytes/macrophages to the vessel wall

Answer 3

b. increasing endothelial cell production of nitric oxide

Question 4

The pericardial space is found between the:

a. myocardium and the parietal pericardium
b. endocardium and the visceral pericardium
c. visceral and the parietal pericardia
d. visceral and the epicardial pericardia

Answer 4

c. visceral and the parietal pericardia

Question 5

The QRS complex of the ECG represents:

a. atrial depolarization
b. ventricular depolarization
c. atrial contraction
d. ventricular repolarization
e. atrial repolarization

Answer 5

b. ventricular depolarization

Question 6

A person who has a heart rate of 100 beats per minute, a systolic BP of 200 mmHg and a stroke volume of 40 ml would have an average cardiac output of:

a. 0.5 ml
b. 5 L
c. 4 ml
d. 800 ml
e. none of the above is correct

Answer 6

e. none of the above is correct

Question 7

During atrial systole, the:

a. AV valves are open
b. atria are filling
c. ventricles are emptying
d. semilunar valves are open

Answer 7

a. AV valves are open

Question 8

Which of the following does NOT significantly affect heart rate?

a. temperature
b. age
c. presence of heart murmur
d. Na+ and K+ ions

Answer 8

c. presence of heart murmur

Question 9

One cardiac cycle:

a. has a duration that changes if the heart rate changes
b. usually requires less than 1 second to complete
c. is equal to stroke volume times heart rate
d. pumps approximately 5 liters of blood
e. both a and b are correct

Answer 9

a. has a duration that changes if the heart rate changes
b. usually requires less than 1 second to complete
e. both a and b are correct

Question 10

Compared with arteries, veins:

a. have a larger diameter
b. are thickly coated
c. recoil quickly after distention
d. both a and b are correct

Answer 10

a. have a larger diameter

Question 11

When the intraventricular pressure becomes greater than the pressure in the pulmonary arteries, the:

a. semilunar valves will open
b. semilunar valves will close
c. AV valves will open
d. AV valves will close

Answer 11

a. semilunar valves will open

Question 12

The two distinct heart sounds, “lubb” and “dubb”, are most directly related to:

a. pulse pressure in the aorta
b. the contraction of the ventricles
c. turbulence from the closing of valves
d. contraction of the atria

Answer 12

c. turbulence from the closing of valves

Question 13

Normal end-diastolic pressure within the left ventricle is in the range of:

a. 100 to 140 mmHg
b. 15 to 28 mmHg
c. 0 to 8 mmHg
d. 4 to 12 mmHg

Answer 13

d. 4 to 12 mmHg

Question 14

The Frank-Starling “law of the heart” involves the relationship between:

a. the length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction
b. stroke volume and arterial resistance
c. rapidity of nerve conduction and stroke volume
d. systolic rate and cardiac output

Answer 14

a. the length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction

Question 15

Blood pressure is measured by the:

a. pressure exerted on the ventricular walls during systole b. pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of any blood vessel
c. pressure exerted on the arteries by the blood
d. product of the stroke volume times heart rate

Answer 15

c. pressure exerted on the arteries by the blood

Question 16

The heartbeat is initiated by the:

a. coronary sinus
b. atrioventricular bundle
c. right ventricle
d. SA node
e. AV node

Answer 16

d. SA node

Question 17

If the sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart predominates over parasympathetic nervous stimulation, the heart will:

a. increase its rate
b. contract with greater force and at a slower rate
c. decrease its rate and force of contraction
d. contract with less force and at a higher rate

Answer 17

a. increase its rate

Question 18

Adrenomedullin (ADM):

a. exhibits powerful vasoconstriction activity
b. is present only in cardiovascular tissue
c. mediates sodium reabsorption
d. exhibits powerful vasodilation activity

Answer 18

d. exhibits powerful vasodilation activity

Question 19

Which factor might increase resistance to the floow of blood through the blood vessels?

a. an increased inner radius or diameter of the blood vessels
b. a decreased number of capillaries
c. a decreased blood viscosity
d. a decreased number of red blood cells

Answer 19

b. a decreased number of capillaries

Question 20

Nitric oxide is:

a. a potent vasodilator
b. a potent vasoconstrictor
c. endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)
d. an inhibitor of platelet adherence to the endothelium
e. both a and c are correct

Answer 20

e. both a and c are correct

Question 21

Which of the following is TRUE?

a. lymphatic walls consist of multiple layers of flattened endothelial cells
b. lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant
c. The thoracic duct has approximately the same diameter as the great veins
d. lymph contains more proteins than does blood plasma
e. the lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit

Answer 21

b. lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant

Question 22

Which event(s) is/are part of the normal cardiac cycle?

a. the right atrium and the right ventricles contract simultaneously
b. the two atria contract simultaneously while the two ventricles relax
c. the two ventricles contract simultaneously while the two atria relax
d. both the ventricles and the atria contract simultaneously to increase cardiac output

Answer 22

b. the two atria contract simultaneously while the two ventricles relax

Question 23

What factor(s) assist the return of venous blood to the heart?

a. peripheral pooling
b. venous valves
c. increased intra-abdominal pressure
d. respiratory movements
e. contraction of skeletal muscle

Answer 23

b. venous valves