Chapter 21: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Question 1

Which of the following laboratory values would be expected in an individual with SIADH:

a. Serum NA = 150 mEq/L and urine hypoosmolality
b. Serum K = 5 mEQ/L and serum hypoosmolality
c. Serum Na = 120 mEq/L and serum hypoosmolality
d. Serum K = 3 mEq/L and serum hyperosmolality

Answer 1

c. Serum Na = 120 mEq/L and serum hypoosmolality

Question 2

Hypopituitarism in an adult male likely includes:

a. decreased libido
b. connective tissue increases
c. visual field impairments
d. altered neuromuscular function

Answer 2

a. decreased libido

Question 3

Excessive secretion of GH in an adult may cause:

a. diabetes mellitus type 2
b. diabetes insipidus
c. hypoglycemia
d. decreased metabolic rate

Answer 3

a. diabetes mellitus type 2

Question 4

A characteristic shared by both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus is:

a. elevated blood and urine glucose levels
b. the inability to produce ADH
c. the inability to produce insulin
d. polyuria
e. elevated blood urine and ketone body levels

Answer 4

d. polyuria

Question 5

The manifestations of hyperthyroidism include all of the following except:

a. diarrhea
b. constipation
c. heat intolerance
d. weight loss
e. wakefulness

Answer 5

b. constipation

Question 6

Hypothyroidism in adults is:

a. myxedema
b. addison disease
c. cushiness disease
d. graves disease
e. cretinism

Answer 6

a. myxedema

Question 7

Graves disease is:

a. hyperthyroid
b. associated with autoimmunity
c. manifested by ophthalmopathy
d. all of the above are correct

Answer 7

a. hyperthyroid
b. associated with autoimmunity
c. manifested by ophthalmopathy
d. all of the above are correct

Question 8

Inadequate levels of thyroid levels at birth may cause:

a. mental retardation
b. immediate death
c. thyroid crisis
d. myxedema
e. dwarfism

Answer 8

a. mental retardation

e. dwarfism

Question 9

Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the following:

a. increased osteoclast activity
b. decreased plasma calcium
c. increased phosphorous absorption from the gastrointestinal tract
d. hypocalcemia

Answer 9

a. increased osteoclast activity

Question 10

Manifestations of hypocalcemia include:

a. myopathy
b. lethargy
c. hypertension
d. tetany
e. bone cyst

Answer 10

d. tetany

Question 11

What is the most common cause of acromegaly?

a. Anterior pituitary adenoma
b. overproduction of ACTH
c. overproduction of TSH
d. pituitary atrophy

Answer 11

a. Anterior pituitary adenoma

Question 12

If a 19 year old woman ha shortness of breath, weight loss, excessive sweating, exophthalmos, and irritability, which hormone would you expect to find elevated in her serum?

a. Cortisol
b. Thyroxine
c. ACTH
d. 17-ketosteroid

Answer 12

b. Thyroxine

Question 13

a 24 year old woman with a history of taking sulfonylurea agents is fond in a stuporous state. She is pale and has cold, clammy skin. What is the likely etiology of her condition?

a. hyperglycemia
b. insulin shock/hypoglycemia
c. renal failure
d. peripheral neuropathy

Answer 13

b. insulin shock/hypoglycemia

Question 14

A 10 year old boy came into the emergency department dehydrated with metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, elevated ketones, and a blood glucose level of 800 mg/dl. Th most probable disease in this child is:

a. cretinism
b. type 1 DM
c. type 2 DM
d. impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)
e. gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Answer 14

b. type 1 DM

Question 15

Your neighbor has not previously been diabetic but has gained 80 pounds during the past year and is able to produce some insulin. Her fasting blood sugar is always elevated. She is being treated with oral insulin stimulating drugs. This is likely:

a. diabetes insipidus
b. type 1 dm
c. type 2 dm
d. IGT
e. GDM

Answer 15

c. type 2 dm

Question 16

Panhypopituitarism in children causes:

a. excessive ACTH secretion
b. increased libido
c. dwarfism
d. giantism

Answer 16

c. dwarfism

Question 17

Hormonal alterations can be cause by

a. inadequate synthesis of cAMP
b. increased numbers of intracellular receptors for lipid-soluble hormones
c. increased substrates for new proteins
d. the presence of antibodies against specific receptors

Answer 17

a. inadequate synthesis of cAMP

d. the presence of antibodies against specific receptors

Question 18

Chronic renal failure causes:

a. dehydration
b. hypercalcemia
c. secondary hyperparathyroidism
d. primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 18

c. secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 19

The end result of hyperthyroidism is:

a. the production of a goiter
b. graves disease
c. Overstimulation of the basal metabolic rate
d. depression of metabolism

Answer 19

c. Overstimulation of the basal metabolic rate

Question 20

If an individual is heterogenous for HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4, the risk if far greater for:

a. excess insulin
b. type 1 DM
c. type 2 DM
d. All of the above are correct, plus diabetes insipidus

Answer 20

b. type 1 DM

Question 21

Intragenic hyperadrenalism leads to primary adrenal insufficiency if treatment is stopped suddenly because of:

a. destruction of the adrenal cortex by steroid treatment
b. destruction of the adrenal medulla by steroid treatment
c. pituitary gland atrophy
d. adrenal gland atrophy

Answer 21

d. adrenal gland atrophy

Question 22

Which electrolyte change occurs in Addison disease?

a. Hypokalemia
b. Hypernatremia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. hypocalcemia

Answer 22

c. Hyperkalemia

Question 23

A benign tumor of the adrenal glands that causes the hyper secretion of aldosterone is:

a. Addison disease
b. A pheochromocytoma
c. Cushing Disease
d. Cushing Syndrome
e. Conn Disease

Answer 23

e. Conn Disease