Chapter 3: Words, Words Classes And Phrases Flashcards
lexeme
dictionary entry
orthographic words
When two or more words belong to the same lexeme but are different words because of their verb form or are sing/plu
Eg. Dog/s
Eat/s
morphology
The study of the internal structure of words
Notional def.
A def. That offers a characterisation in terms of word class, a concept of meaning.
aspect
‘A concept that refers to the way the meaning expressed by the main verb is viewed through time’ (36) see Chap 10
perfect aspect
Where the action took place in the past and has current relevance. see Chap 10
progressive aspect
Where the action is presented as an ongoing process in the present. see Chap 10
attributive position
When an adjective precedes a noun in an NP. (32)
auxiliary verbs
Verbs that cannot occur independently but function as ‘helping’ verbs. It specifies the meaning of the main verb. (35)
aspectual auxiliary
Auxiliaries that specify how we view the main verbs action in time.
dummy auxiliary do
- do-support - inster a do when negating a verb.
- Used to form interrogative sentences that do not contain an auxiliary.
- code - can take on the meaning of the main verb by itself. eg. Does Eleanor work all day? She does.
- emphatic contexts e.g. Eleanor DOES work all day!
modal auxiliary
Auxiliaries which are concerned with expressing situations that do not obtain at the present moment, but will, could, must or should obtain in the future. Modals are always finite and do not take typical verb endings. (36) See Chap 10.
complementiser
Words that introduce Complement cluases such as that, if, whether and for.
conjoins
The units in a sentence that are being coordinated. (45)
conjunction
A word that has a linking function. (45)
coordinating conjunction
They link units of equal syntactical status. Two coordinated phrases form a new phrase of the same type as the two constituent conjoins. (45)
e.g. and, or, but
subordinating conjunction
Elements that introduce subordinate clauses. They link conjoins of unequal syntactical status. (46)
e.g. that, if, whether, so, because, although, when.