Chapter 3: What Is Community Policing Flashcards
THE TRADITIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING
The traditional, or professional, model of police work is based on several key principles. These include the following:
> police officers are the professionals who have sole responsibility for crime control.
The objectives of police work are legally defined and involve responding to calls that involve criminal incidents.
The role of the police officer is to control crime, and this role is carried out by the way of preventative patrol and rapid response times.
The police tend not to work in conjunction with community residents or other agencies.
police services are centralized.
decision-making occurs through a hierarchical command and control structure.
Traditional patrol practice: the three R’s
R______________
R______________
R______________
Traditional models of patrol practice are premised on the 3Rs:
Random patrol
Rapid response
Reactive investigation
THE TRADITIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING
TRADITIONAL POLICE PRACTICE: THE 3RS
The central premise of random patrol, also known as the __________, is that the mere presence of patrol cars serves as a deterrent to crime and increases Citizens feelings of safety..
Watch system
THE TRADITIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING
TRADITIONAL POLICE PRACTICE: THE 3RS
The traditional approach to police work is:
I____________ The primary focus is on responding to specific incidents, calls, cases, or events.
R___________ police management and operations are oriented to responding to events as they arise, response capacity and capability are emphasized, and little time and few resources are devoted to proactive intervention on prevention activities
F___________ as rapid response and the availability of resources are
top priority, information gathering is limited to specific situations and does not include analysis of the causes of events.
F____________ The emphasis on response efficiency means that little significance is placed on the impact of police strategies of preventing, reducing, or eliminating problems.
Incident oriented
Response oriented
Focused on limited analysis
Focused on the means rather than the end
THE TRADITIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING
TRADITIONAL POLICE PRACTICE: HOW EFFECTIVE IS IT?
Within the traditional model of police work, effectiveness is determined by response times and the ___________.
Clearance rate
THE TRADITIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING
CLEARANCE RATES AS A MEASURE OF POLICE EFFECTIVENESS
There are number of reasons why clearance rates should not be used as the only indicator of ________________. These include the following:
> police officers do not spend most of their time chasing criminals.
The crime rate should be interpreted carefully to determine the effectiveness of the police.
A number of research studies have found the police had very little impact on the crime rate.
not all police officers served in the same types of communities.
not all police officers engaged in the same type of police work.
Police effectiveness
THE TRADITIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING
CLEARANCE RATES AS A MEASURE OF POLICE EFFECTIVENESS
Because the police play a variety of roles in the community and engage in a wide range of activities, we need to consider other ways of measuring their effectiveness. This is particularly important with the adoption of a _____________ model, which pays a considerable amount of attention to preventing crimes, rather than merely reacting to them.
Community policing model
THE TRADITIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RANDOM, REACTIVE PATROL
Many of the strategies and programs implemented within the community policing framework have either proven to be less effective than originally anticipated or have not been adequately evaluated to determine their effectiveness. This suggests that the challenges facing Canadian police are varied and that no single approach to crime and social disorder is effective.
True or false?
True
THE TRADITIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING
THE PERSISTENCE OF TRADITIONAL POLICE ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES
Many community policing strategies have not produced the positive outcomes that have been anticipated and that the shift back to increasing contact with the community is more of an evolution of police work than a separate model of police work.
True or false?
True
OTHER WAYS TO MEASURE POLICE PERFORMANCE AND EFFECTIVENESS
In addition to the clearance rate, there are a number of measures that can be used both to assess the effectiveness of a police service and to more accurately reflect the broad range of activities that officers are involved in when doing police work. These include:
> The extent to which a police service has been successful in developing partnerships with the community
The experiences with and attitudes toward the police held by community residents, particular members of cultural and ethnic minorities
The experiences and attitudes toward the police of crime victim
The ability of the police service to solve serious crimes that involve violence, have multiple victims, and create fear in the community.
The extent to which senior police administrators use contemporary management practices, are familiar with the research and current techniques of policy formulation and application, and are able to provide leadership
The morale and attitudes of line police officers, who are the core of the police organization
The success of particular individual police officers or a particular unit in meeting specific goals and objectives, which in turn are defined by the specific nature of their work
how the police service defines its core values and it’s ability to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
Community policing focuses on the role of the ________ in identifying, preventing, and responding to crime and disorder, so the extent to which local residents are effective in fulfilling their part of the police community partnership is equally important.
Community
WHAT IS COMMUNITY POLICING?
The definition of community policing must acknowledge the fact that this model of police work incorporates many elements of ____________ practice, while at the same time extending and expanding the role, activities, and objectives of the police services and patrol officers.
Traditional police
WHAT IS COMMUNITY POLICING?
The principals set out by Sir Robert Peel in 1829 reflect the principles of community policing that are being set of nearly 200 years later. We are seeing today the re-emergence of community policing.
True or false?
True
WHAT IS COMMUNITY POLICING?
COMMUNITY POLICING DEFINED
Definition of community policing:
Community policing is a philosophy, management style, and organizational strategy centered on police-community partnerships and problem-solving to address problems of crime and social disorder in communities.
True or false?
True
WHAT IS COMMUNITY POLICING?
COMMUNITY POLICING DEFINED
Trojanowicz and Bucqueroux have broken the term community policing into three interrelated parts:
- Community policing is a philosophy and an organizational strategy that promotes a new partnership between people and their police.
- Community policing requires a department-wide commitment from everyone sworn and civilian - to the community policing philosophy.
- Community policing rests on decentralizing and personalizing police service, so that line officers have the opportunity, freedom, and Mandate to focus on community building and community-based problem-solving, and so that each and every neighborhood can become a better place to which to live and work.
True or false?
True
WHAT IS COMMUNITY POLICING?
THE PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY POLICING: THE THREE P’s
Community policing requires patrol officers to take a proactive, interventionalist, problem-solving approach. This is captured in the three P’s.
The three P’s are the building blocks on which community policing is built.
P____________
P____________
P____________
Prevention
Problem-solving
Partnership with the community
WHAT IS COMMUNITY POLICING?
THE POLICY AND PRACTICE OF COMMUNITY POLICING
In principle, policy, and practice, community policing is reactive, proactive, and __________. __________ refers to the police-community partnerships that are developed within the community police framework.
Coactive.
