Chapter 3: Water and Life

Question 1

Water Molecule

Answer 1

shaped like a V, single covalent bond between hydrogens and oxygen, oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen so electrons spend more time by oxygen making it a polar covalent bond, unequal sharing of electrons makes it a polar molecule

Question 2

4 Emergent Properties of Water

Answer 2

• cohesion of water molecules
• moderation of temperature by water
• floating ice on liquid water
• the solvent of life

Question 3

Hydrogen Ion

Answer 3

a single proton with a charge of 1+ (H+)

Question 4

Hydroxide Ion

Answer 4

what a water molecule that lost a proton becomes, has a charge of -1 (OH-)

Question 5

Hydronium Ion

Answer 5

comes once a proton binds to another water molecule

Question 6

Acid

Answer 6

a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, low on the pH scale

Question 7

Base

Answer 7

a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, high on the pH scale

Question 8

pH

Answer 8

the negative logarithm of the H+ concentration, pH=-log[H+], pH decreases as H+ increases

Question 9

Buffer

Answer 9

substance that minimizes changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution, most often containing a weak acid and its corresponding base to combine reversibly with hydrogen ions