Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards
Emergent Properties
a characteristic an entity gains when it becomes part of a bigger system, emerge due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases
Eukaryotic Cell
contains membrane enclosed organelles, animal cell, very complex
Prokaryotic Cell
lacks a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles, smaller and less complex than eukaryotes
Systems Biology
the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts, a system can be a single leaf cell, systems biology allows us to pose questions of how molecular interactions affect our bodies or how we influence atmospheric carbon dioxide affect on the ecosystem and biosphere
Genes
each section of DNA of the chromosome, encodes necessary information to build all molecules synthesized within a cell, establishing a cells identity
Structure of DNA
2 long strands in a double helix, chains made up of 4 kinds of chemical building blocks (nucleotides) ATCG (U in RNA), sequence of nucleotides provides the blueprint for making proteins
RNA
helps with producing protein encoded genes that control protein production indirectly, sequencing of nucleotides along a gene is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into amino acids
Amino Acids
chain forms a specific protein with unique shape and function
Genome
the entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits
Genome Sequence
entire sequence of nucleotides for a representative member of a species
Genomics
the study of structure, function, and mapping of genomes
Proteomics
the study of a set of proteins and their properties
Bioinformatics
the use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data resulting from high throughput methods
Solar to Chemical Energy
a plant absorbs sunlight, sunlight is absorbed by molecules within the leaves, leaves convert energy of sunlight to chemical energy foods like sugar, chemical energy in food molecules is passed from plants and other photosynthetic organisms to consumers, energy is lost to hear from performing, therefore energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
-prokaryotes are unicellular but eukaryotes are multicellular
-eukaryotes are much bigger than prokaryotes
-DNA in eukaryotes is in the nucleus but DNA in prokaryotes is in the cytoplasm