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chapter 3 vocab words Flashcards

1
Q

fibromyalgia

A

common chronic disorder that involves widespread pain in muscles and fibrous tissues around joints

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2
Q

amniocentesis

A

process of withdrawing fluid accumulation in amnion for analysis between 12-18 weeks of pregnancy

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3
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain in the chest wall muscles that is aggravated by breathing

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4
Q

ischemia

A

decrease in blood supply (due to blood clot in a vessel or narrowing and closing off a vessel); tissue can die if it is deprived of oxygen for long enough

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5
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

“mini-stroke”; occurs when blood is held back from tissue in the brain

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6
Q

tonsils

A

lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat

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7
Q

hemolysis

A

normal breakdown of RBCs

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8
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

type of anemia that is caused by excessive destruction of RBCs

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9
Q

myoma

A

benign tumor

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10
Q

myosarcoma

A

malignant tumor, muscle is type of flesh tissue

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11
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant tumor occurs in bone marrow tissue throughout the body

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12
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

primary disease of the heart muscle in the absence of a known underly etiology (cause)

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13
Q

neutropenia

A

neutrophil (type of WBC) deficiency

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14
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

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15
Q

agoraphobia

A

anxiety disorder marked by fear of being outside of home alone, being in open or enclosed places, or using public transportation

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16
Q

achondroplasia

A

inherited disorder or an be result of a mutation in a specific gene

bones of the arms and legs do not grow to normal size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation

results in dwarfism, marked by short limbs but normal-sized head and trunk and normal intelligence

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17
Q

angioplasty

A

interventional cardiologist opens a narrowed blood vessel (artery) using a balloon that is inflated after insertion into vessel

stents, or slotted tubes, are put in place to keep the artery open

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18
Q

atherosclerosis

A

deposits of fat collect in an artery

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19
Q

metastasis

A

the spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original site to a secondary organ or location

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20
Q

hemostasis

A

stopping the flow of blood naturally by clotting or artificially by compression or suturing the wound

hemostat (surgical clamp) used in operating rooms to stop blood flow

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21
Q

laparotomy

A

procedure for the creation of a large incision into the peritoneal cavity

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22
Q

hypertrophy

A

cells increase in size, not numbers

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23
Q

atrophy

A

cells decrease in size

muscles atrophy when immobilized in a cast and not in use

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24
Q

ptosis (blepharoptosis)

A

condition may be congenital, occur with aging, or associated with stroke, cranial nerve damage, and other neurologic disorders

eyelid droops because of muscle weakness

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25
radiographer
technologist who assists in the making of diagnostic x-ray pictures
26
leukemia
group of cancers that begins in bone marrow and results in high numbers of abnormal, immature WBCs
27
artery
carries blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs of the body
28
arterioles
small arteries that branch into capillaries (smallest blood vessels)
29
venules
small veins that carry blood low in oxygen to a vein that brings oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
30
myocardial infarction (MI)
heart attack; infarction is an area of dead tissue (necrosis) resulting from ischemia (lack of blood supply to that tissue)
31
osteogenic sarcoma
malignant tumor produced in bone
32
acute
opposite of chronic; describes disease that is of rapid onset and has severe symptoms and brief duration
33
mucous membranes
produce sticky secretion called mucus
34
iron deficiency anemia
iron is needed to make hemoglobin
35
sickle cell anemia
erythrocytes assume an abnormal sickle shape and clog blood vessels
36
aplastic anemia
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes are not formed in bone marrow
37
splenomegaly
occurs with development of high blood pressure in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases
38
sentinel axillary lymph node
first lymph node to which cancer is most likely to spread
39
hernia
protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it
40
hiatal hernia
occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
41
inguinal hernia
occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male
42
cystocele
occurs when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall as a result of weakness of the pelvic muscles
43
rectocele
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina
44
omphalocele
herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal walls around the naval occurring in infants at birth omphal/o = umbilicus, navel
45
streptococcus
berry-shaped bacterium, grows in twisted chains one group of streptococci causes strep throat, tonsillitis, rheumatic fever, kidney ailments other groups causes infections in teeth, within sinuses of nose and face, and in valves of heart
46
staphylococci
berry-shaped bacteria, grow in small clusters like grapes
47
abscess
collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection
48
MRSA
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; serious staphylococcal condition that is difficult to treat with antibiotics
49
antibiotic resistant infection
bacteria develop ability to resist or defeat the drugs designed to kill them
50
diplococci
berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs
51
pneumococci
cause bacterial pneumonia
52
gonococci
invade reproductive organs, causing gonorrhea
53
C. difficile
bacteria that leads to infection that causes inflammation of the colon and severe diarrheal disease; common with patients who take antibiotics for long periods of time
54
fecal transplant (bacteriotherapy)
restoration of normal bacteria in the digestive tract; transfer of stool containing normal bacteria from a healthy donor into the colon of the patient with chronic C. difficile infection
55
5 types of blood cells
Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkeys (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil)
56
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
made in the bone marrow; carry oxygen from the lungs through the blood to all body cells where they use oxygen to burn food and release energy (catabolism)
57
hemoglobin
important protein in erythrocytes that carries oxygen through the bloodstream
58
leukocytes (white blood cells)
five different kinds of leukocytes: three granulocytes, or polymorphonuclear cells, and two mononuclear cells
59
granulocytes
contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm and have a multilobed nucleus; formed in the bone marrow three types: eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils
60
eosinophils
granules stain red with acidic stain; increased in number in allergic conditions such as asthma 3% of leukocytes are eosinophils
61
basophils
granules stain blue with basic stain; function is unclear, but number of cells increase in the healing phase of inflammation less than 1% of leukocytes of basophils
62
neutrophils
granules stain a pale purple with neutral stain; most important disease-fighting cells 50-60% of leukocytes are neutrophils are phagocytes which means they engulf and digest bacteria referred to as "polys" or polymorphonuclear leukocytes due to multilobed nucleus
63
mononuclear cells
have one large nucleus and only a few granules in their cytoplasm; produced in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen two types: lymphocytes, monocytes
64
lymphocytes
lymph cells; fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells; can also attach directly to foreign cells and destroy them two types: T cells and B cells 32% of WBCs are lymphocytes
65
monocytes
containing one very large nucleus; engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells; leave bloodstream and enter tissues (such as lung and liver) to become macrophages 4% of all leukocytes
66
macrophages
large phagocytes
67
acromegaly
endocrine disorder; occurs when pituitary gland produces excessive amount of growth hormone after completion of puberty, resulting in benign tumor of pituitary gland normal height because long bones stop after puberty, bones and soft tissue in hands, feet, and face grow abnormally
68
gigantism
result of overproduction of pituitary growth hormone beginning in childhood
69
laparoscopy
a form of minimally invasive surgery; visual examination of the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope inserts laparoscope (lighted telescopic instrument) through an incision in abdomen near the navel gas (CO2) is infused into peritoneal cavity to separate and prevent injury to abdominal structures during surgery used to examine abdominal viscera for evidence of disease (performing biopsies) or for procedures like removing appendix, gallbladder, adrenal gland, spleen, or ovary
70
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea typically done to open it below a blockage; performed to remove foreign body or obtain biopsy specimen
71
tracheostomy
an opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted; tube is required to allow air to flow into the lungs or to help remove secretions (mucus) from the bronchial tubes
72
adenoids
small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx (throat) near the nose and nasal passages not endocrine or exocrine glands enlargement of adenoids can cause blockage of airway from nose to pharynx
73
tonsils
lymphatic tissue

medical terminology (9 decks)

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