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medical terminology > chapter 1 vocab > Flashcards

chapter 1 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation (-itis) of the liver (hepat)

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2
Q

ilium

A

part of the hip bone

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3
Q

ileum

A

part of the small intestine

hint: e in ileum for eating

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4
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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5
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney and inserting into the urinary bladder

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6
Q

cephalgia

A

headache

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7
Q

opthamologist

A

eye doctor

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8
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electricity in the heart

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9
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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10
Q

gastroenterology

A

process of study (-logy) of the stomach (gastr-) and intestines (enter-)

stomach comes before small intestines anatomically, comes first in word

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11
Q

hypogastric

A

pertaining (-ic) to below (hypo-) the stomach (gastr)

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12
Q

epigastric

A

pertaining to (-ic) above (epi-) the stomach (gastr)

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13
Q

carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor; grows in epithelial (surface or skin) cells that cover the outside of the body and line organs, cavities, and tubes within the body

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14
Q

endocrine glands

A

thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands; secrete hormones directly within (into) the bloodstream

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15
Q

exocrine glands

A

release their secretions e.g., saliva, sweat, tears, milk through tubes (ducts) to the outside of the body

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16
Q

gastrectomy

A

part of the stomach is removed

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17
Q

diagnosis

A

made after sufficient information has been obtained about the patient’s condition, “state of complete knowledge”

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18
Q

prognosis

A

prediction about the outcome of an illness, but is always given after the diagnosis has been determined, “knowledge before”

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19
Q

hematoma

A

mass or collection of blood formed when blood escapes from blood vessels and collects as a clot in a cavity or organ or under the skin

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20
Q

hemoglobin

A

carries oxygen in red blood cells

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21
Q

iatrogenic

A

adverse effects that result from treatment or intervention by a physician

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22
Q

leukocyte

A

blood cell the helps the body fight disease

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23
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degeneration of bones and joints often accompanied by inflammation; condition of aging

24
Q

pathologist

A

examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines dead bodies to determine the cause of death

25
renal
used to describe the kidney
26
nephr/o - osis, itis, ectomy
used to describe abnormal conditions and operative procedures of the kidneys
27
sarcoma
cancerous (malignant) tumor; grows from cells of "fleshy" connective tissue such as muscle, bone, and fat
28
thrombocyte
platelets; cells that help clot blood
29
thrombus
clot that forms
30
thrombosis
condition of clot formation
31
basal cell carcinoma
most common form of skin cancer; usually occurs on sun-damaged skin
32
cerebrovascular accident (CVA), stroke
occurs when blood vessels are damaged in the cerebrum and blood is prevented from reaching functional areas of the brain cells, when deprived of oxygen and nutrients, are damaged, causing loss of movement, speech, and other signs
33
leukemia
a blood condition of white blood cells; cancerous white blood cells proliferate
34
osteogenic sarcoma
malignant tumor produced in bone
35
hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma)
malignant tumor of the liver
36
leukocytosis
slight increase in normal white blood cells, occurs when WBCs multiply to fight an infection
37
adenopathy
condition referring to the lymph nodes (collection of stationary cells along the path of lymph vessels) that are enlarged due to infection or during the spread of malignant (cancerous) tumors
38
anemia
decreased number of erythrocytes (RBCs) or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the RBCs results in decreased delivery of oxygen to cells of the body
39
autopsy
process of viewing by oneself
40
epidermis
outermost layer of skin lies above the middle later of skin (dermis)
41
pericardium
membrane that surrounds the heart
42
prostate gland
exocrine gland that "stands" before or in front of the male urinary bladder produces semen, which contains fluid and sperm cells
43
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
44
type 1 diabetes
high blood sugar levels due to lack of insulin
45
type 2 diabetes
high blood sugar levels due to ineffective insulin
46
insulin
hormone normally released by the pancreas to "escort" sugar from the bloodstream into cells
47
urologist
surgeon who operates on the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive system
48
nephrologist
internal medicine specialist (nonsurgical) who diagnoses and treats disorders of kidneys
49
opthamologist
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating (surgically and medically) disorders of the eye
50
optometrist
health care professional who examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses and may treat eye diseases
51
optician
grinds lenses and fits glasses but does not examine eyes, prescribe corrective lenses, or treat eye diseases
52
chronic
pertaining to over a long period of time
53
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
serious brain injury associated with high-impact head trauma
54
hyperthyroidism
a hyperactive thyroid gland secretes greater than normal amounts of thyroxine (thyroid hormone, or T4) signs and symptoms: increased energy level, nervousness, tachycardia, weight loss, exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs)
55
thyroxine (hormone, T4)
hormone that causes cells to burn fuel and release energy

medical terminology (9 decks)

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