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medical terminology > chapter 1 vocab > Flashcards

chapter 1 vocab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation (-itis) of the liver (hepat)

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2
Q

ilium

A

part of the hip bone

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3
Q

ileum

A

part of the small intestine

hint: e in ileum for eating

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4
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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5
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney and inserting into the urinary bladder

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6
Q

cephalgia

A

headache

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7
Q

opthamologist

A

eye doctor

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8
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electricity in the heart

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9
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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10
Q

gastroenterology

A

process of study (-logy) of the stomach (gastr-) and intestines (enter-)

stomach comes before small intestines anatomically, comes first in word

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11
Q

hypogastric

A

pertaining (-ic) to below (hypo-) the stomach (gastr)

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12
Q

epigastric

A

pertaining to (-ic) above (epi-) the stomach (gastr)

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13
Q

carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor; grows in epithelial (surface or skin) cells that cover the outside of the body and line organs, cavities, and tubes within the body

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14
Q

endocrine glands

A

thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands; secrete hormones directly within (into) the bloodstream

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15
Q

exocrine glands

A

release their secretions e.g., saliva, sweat, tears, milk through tubes (ducts) to the outside of the body

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16
Q

gastrectomy

A

part of the stomach is removed

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17
Q

diagnosis

A

made after sufficient information has been obtained about the patient’s condition, “state of complete knowledge”

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18
Q

prognosis

A

prediction about the outcome of an illness, but is always given after the diagnosis has been determined, “knowledge before”

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19
Q

hematoma

A

mass or collection of blood formed when blood escapes from blood vessels and collects as a clot in a cavity or organ or under the skin

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20
Q

hemoglobin

A

carries oxygen in red blood cells

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21
Q

iatrogenic

A

adverse effects that result from treatment or intervention by a physician

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22
Q

leukocyte

A

blood cell the helps the body fight disease

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23
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degeneration of bones and joints often accompanied by inflammation; condition of aging

24
Q

pathologist

A

examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines dead bodies to determine the cause of death

25
Q

renal

A

used to describe the kidney

26
Q

nephr/o - osis, itis, ectomy

A

used to describe abnormal conditions and operative procedures of the kidneys

27
Q

sarcoma

A

cancerous (malignant) tumor; grows from cells of “fleshy” connective tissue such as muscle, bone, and fat

28
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelets; cells that help clot blood

29
Q

thrombus

A

clot that forms

30
Q

thrombosis

A

condition of clot formation

31
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common form of skin cancer; usually occurs on sun-damaged skin

32
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA), stroke

A

occurs when blood vessels are damaged in the cerebrum and blood is prevented from reaching functional areas of the brain

cells, when deprived of oxygen and nutrients, are damaged, causing loss of movement, speech, and other signs

33
Q

leukemia

A

a blood condition of white blood cells; cancerous white blood cells proliferate

34
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

malignant tumor produced in bone

35
Q

hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma)

A

malignant tumor of the liver

36
Q

leukocytosis

A

slight increase in normal white blood cells, occurs when WBCs multiply to fight an infection

37
Q

adenopathy

A

condition referring to the lymph nodes (collection of stationary cells along the path of lymph vessels) that are enlarged due to infection or during the spread of malignant (cancerous) tumors

38
Q

anemia

A

decreased number of erythrocytes (RBCs) or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the RBCs

results in decreased delivery of oxygen to cells of the body

39
Q

autopsy

A

process of viewing by oneself

40
Q

epidermis

A

outermost layer of skin lies above the middle later of skin (dermis)

41
Q

pericardium

A

membrane that surrounds the heart

42
Q

prostate gland

A

exocrine gland that “stands” before or in front of the male urinary bladder

produces semen, which contains fluid and sperm cells

43
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

44
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

high blood sugar levels due to lack of insulin

45
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

high blood sugar levels due to ineffective insulin

46
Q

insulin

A

hormone normally released by the pancreas to “escort” sugar from the bloodstream into cells

47
Q

urologist

A

surgeon who operates on the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive system

48
Q

nephrologist

A

internal medicine specialist (nonsurgical) who diagnoses and treats disorders of kidneys

49
Q

opthamologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating (surgically and medically) disorders of the eye

50
Q

optometrist

A

health care professional who examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses and may treat eye diseases

51
Q

optician

A

grinds lenses and fits glasses but does not examine eyes, prescribe corrective lenses, or treat eye diseases

52
Q

chronic

A

pertaining to over a long period of time

53
Q

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

A

serious brain injury associated with high-impact head trauma

54
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

a hyperactive thyroid gland secretes greater than normal amounts of thyroxine (thyroid hormone, or T4)

signs and symptoms: increased energy level, nervousness, tachycardia, weight loss, exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs)

55
Q

thyroxine (hormone, T4)

A

hormone that causes cells to burn fuel and release energy

medical terminology (9 decks)

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