Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

Unitary Governments

Answer 1

Governments with a strong national power but little power given to the state/local levels

Question 2

Intergovernmental relations

Answer 2

Relationships between different governments within a nation, for example the connections between federal, state, and local governments

Question 3

Supremacy Clause

Answer 3

The clause that makes federal laws/decisions superior to any state or local laws — federal laws overrule all

Question 4

10th Amendment

Answer 4

The amendment that gives the federal government only the powers explicitly stated in the constitution, and other unlisted powers to state/local governments and the people

Question 5

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 5

A court case that ruled that states can’t put taxes on the federal government, and gave the federal government the right to create a national bank

Question 6

Enumerated Powers

Answer 6

Powers that are given to congress to impose taxes, pay debts, and regulate commerce

Question 7

Implied Powers

Answer 7

Government powers that aren’t explicitly stated in the constitution — creation of the National Bank and the Louisiana Purchase

Question 8

Elastic Clause

Answer 8

A clause that gave congress implied powers, including the ability to pass legislation

Question 9

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 9

The court case that prevented states from creating legislation that Congress couldn’t regulate

Question 10

Commerce Clause

Answer 10

A clause that allowed Congress to regulate commerce within states. States couldn’t make laws that interfered with this regulation.

Question 11

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 11

A clause that orders states to honor the policies and court decisions made by other states.

Question 12

Extradition

Answer 12

The process of moving a criminal’s jailing and trial to another place, done if a person from one country commits a crime in another

Question 13

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Answer 13

A clause that orders laws to not infringe on the privileges/immunities of US citizens, essentially preventing discrimination in legislation

Question 14

Dual Federalism

Answer 14

A system where power is split evenly between federal and state governments, and they don’t interfere with each other

Layer-cake

Question 15

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 15

A system where power is shared between the federal government and state governments

Marble-cake

Question 16

Devolution

Answer 16

A transfer of responsibility from the federal government to state/local governments.

Question 17

Fiscal Federalism

Answer 17

A form of federalism where grants-in-aid are distributed to state/local governments as a form of financially supporting smaller governments

Question 18

Categorical grants

Answer 18

The primary form of federal aid, a grant that can only be used for certain reasons for state benefit

Question 19

Block grants

Answer 19

A form of grant that is less regulated that categorical grants. States can decide what they use the money for

Question 20

Mandate

Answer 20

A federal requirement that is imposed on the country and states