Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

Mole (mol)

Answer 1

The SI base unit for amount of a substance. The amount that contains a number of entities equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12 (which is 6.02214076x10^23).

Question 2

Avogadro’s number

Answer 2

A number (6.02214076x10^23) equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12; the number of atoms, molecules, or formula units in 1 mole of an element or compound.

Question 3

Molar mass (MM)

Answer 3

The mass of 1 mol of entities (atoms, molecules, or formula units) of a substance, in units of g/mol.

Question 4

Empirical formula

Answer 4

A chemical formula that shows the lowest relative number of atoms of each element in a compound.

Question 5

Molecular formula

Answer 5

A formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound.

Question 6

Structural formula

Answer 6

A formula that shows the actual number of atoms, their relative placement, and the bonds between them.

Question 7

Combustion analysis

Answer 7

A methods for determine the formula of a compound from the amounts of its combustion products; used commonly for organic compounds.

Question 8

Isomer

Answer 8

One of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different properties, often as a result of different arrangements of atoms.

Question 9

Chemical equation

Answer 9

A statement that uses chemical formulas to express the identities and quantities of the substances involved in a chemical or physical change.

Question 10

Reactant

Answer 10

A starting substance in a chemical equation.

Question 11

Product

Answer 11

A substance formed in a chemical reaction.

Question 12

Balancing coefficient

Answer 12

(Also stoichiometric coefficient) A numerical multiplier of all the atoms in the formula immediately following it in a balanced chemical equation.

Question 13

Overall (net) equation

Answer 13

A chemical equation that is the sum of two or more balanced sequential equations in which a product of one becomes a reactant for the next.

Question 14

Limiting reactant

Answer 14

(Also limiting reagent) The reactant that is consumed when a reaction occurs and, therefore, the one that determines the maximum amount of product that can form.

Question 15

Theoretical yield

Answer 15

The amount of product predicted by the stoichiometrically equivalent molar ratio in the balanced equation.

Question 16

Side reaction

Answer 16

An undesired chemical reaction that consumes some of the reactant and reduces the overall yield of the desired product.

Question 17

Actual yield

Answer 17

The amount of product actually obtained in a chemical reaction.

Question 18

Percent yield (% yield)

Answer 18

The actual yield of a reaction expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield.

Question 19

Green chemistry

Answer 19

The field that is focused on developing methods to synthesize compounds efficiently and reduce or prevent the release of harmful products into the environment.