Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gen Chem I > Chapter 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chemistry

A

The scientific study of of matter and its properties, the changes it undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that possesses mass and occupies volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Composition

A

The types and amounts of simpler substances that make up a sample of matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Substance

A

Matter that has a defined, fixed composition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State of matter

A

One of the three physical forms of matter: solid, liquid, or gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Solid

A

One of the three states of matter. A solid has a fixed shape that does not conform to the container of the shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Liquid

A

One of the three states of matter. A liquid fills a container to the extent of its own volume and thus forms a surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gas

A

One of the three states of matter. A gas fills its container regardless of the shape because its particles are far apart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Physical property

A

A characteristic shown by a substance itself, without interacting with or changing into other substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physical change

A

A change in which the physical form (or state) of a substance, but not its composition, is altered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chemical property

A

A characteristic of a substance that appears as it interacts with, or transforms into, other substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chemical change

A

(Also a chemical reaction) A change in which one or more substances are converted into one or more substances with different composition and properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Potential energy (Ep)

A

The energy an object has as a result of its position relative to other objects or because of its composition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kinetic energy (Ek)

A

The energy an object has because of its motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Scientific method

A

A process of creative proposals and aimed at objective, verifiable discovers of the causes of natural events.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Observation

A

A fact obtained with the senses, often with the aid of instruments. Quantitative observations provide data that can be compared.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Data

A

Pieces of quantitative information obtained by observation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Natural law

A

(Also law) A summary, often in mathematical form, of a universal observation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable proposal made to explain an observation. If inconsistent with experimental results, a hypothesis is revised or discarded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Experiment

A

A set of procedural steps that tests a hypothesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Variable

A

A quantity that can have more than a single value.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Controlled experiment

A

An experiment that measures the effect of one variable at a time by keeping other variables constant.

24
Q

Model

A

(Also theory) A simplified conceptual picture based on experiment that explains how a natural phenomenon occurs.

25
Q

Combustion

A

The process of burning in air, often with release of heat and light.

26
Q

SI unit

A

A unit composed of one or more of the base units of the Système International d’Unités, a revised form of the metric system.

27
Q

Base unit

A

(Also fundamental unit) A unit that defines the standard for one of the seven physical quantities in the International System of Units (SI).

28
Q

Derived unit

A

Any of the various combinations of the seven SI base units.

29
Q

Meter (m)

A

The SI base unit of length. The distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 second.

30
Q

Volume (V)

A

The amount of space occupied by a sample of matter.

31
Q

Cubic meter (m3)

A

The derives SI unit of volume.

32
Q

Liter (L)

A

A non-SI unit of volume equivalent to 1 cubic decimeter (0.001 m3)

33
Q

Milliliter (mL)

A

A volume (0.001 L) equivalent to 1 cm3.

34
Q

Mass

A

The quantity of matter an object contains. Balances are designed to measure mass.

35
Q

Kilogram (kg)

A

The SI base unit of mass.

36
Q

Weight

A

The force that is extorted by a gravitational field on an object and is directly proportional to the object’s mass.

37
Q

Second (s)

A

The SI base unit of time.

38
Q

Conversion factor

A

A ratio of equivalent quantities that is equal to 1 and used to express a quantity in different units.

39
Q

Dimensional analysis

A

(Also factor-label method) A calculation method in which arithmetic steps are accompanied by cancelling units that represent physical dimensions.

40
Q

Density (d)

A

An intensive physical property of a substance at a given temperature and pressure, defined as the ratio of the mass of the volume: d = m/V.

41
Q

Temperature (T)

A

A measure of how hot or cold a substance is relative to another substance. A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample.

42
Q

Heat

A

(Also thermal energy) The energy transferred between objects because of a difference in their temperatures only.

43
Q

Thermometer

A

A device for measuring temperature that contains a fluid that expands or contracts within a graduated tube.

44
Q

Kelvin (K)

A

The SI base unit of temperature. The kelvin is the same size as the Celsius degree.

45
Q

Celsius scale

A

(Formerly centigrade scale) A temperature scale in which the freezing and boiling points of water are defined as 0°C and 100°C, respectively.

46
Q

Kelvin scale

A

The preferred temperature scale in scientific work, which has an absolute zero (0 K, or -273.15°C) as the lowest temperature.

47
Q

Extensive property

A

A property, such as mass, that depends on the quantity of substance present.

48
Q

Intensive property

A

A property, such as density, that does not depend on the quantity of substance present.

49
Q

Uncertainty

A

A characteristic of every measurement that results from the inexactness of the measuring device and the need to estimate when taking a reading.

50
Q

Significant figures

A

The digits obtained in a measurement. The greater the number of significant figures, the greater the certainty of the measurement.

51
Q

Round off

A

The process of removing digits based on a series of rules to obtain an answer with the proper number of significant figures (or decimal places).

52
Q

Exact number

A

A quantity, usually obtained by counting or based on a unit definition, that has no uncertainty associated with it and, therefore, contains as many significant figures as a calculation requires.

53
Q

Precision

A

(Also reproducibility) The closeness of a measurement to other measurements of the same phenomenon in a series of experiments.

54
Q

Accuracy

A

The closeness of a measurement to the actual value.

55
Q

Systematic error

A

A type of error producing values that are all either higher or lower than the actual value, often caused by faulty equipment or a consistent flaw in technique.

56
Q

Random error

A

Error that occurs in all measurements (with its size depending on the measurer’s skill and the instrument’s precision) and results in values both higher and lower than the actual value.

57
Q

Calibration

A

The process of correcting for systematic error of a measuring device by comparing it to a known standard.

Gen Chem I (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions