Chapter 3 - verbal communication Flashcards
19 concepts from the book and 5 from lectures
Polysemy
The fact that multiple meanings can be associated with a given work, symbol or phrase. (Give an example)
Denotative meaning
the general and direct meaning of a word.
Connotative meaning
A secondary meaning associated with a given word and the extra feelings and ideas that word can evoke.
Conversational hyptertext
Coded messages that only specific individuals get because you share history and experiences together. (Give an example)
Feminine talk
Characterized as nurturing, harmonious and compromising
Masculine talk
Characterized as tough, aggressive and competitive
High context talk
Talk that relies heavily on context in which it takes place. (Give an example)
Low context talk
Saying exactly what you mean using clear and straightforward words as messages is more important than the relationship. (Give an example)
Collectivist talk
How everyone can warp together for the best outcome and ensure a group’s success and harmony. (Give an example)
Individualist talk
Emphasizing your personal achievements and what you want to do for your success. (Give an example)
Accommodation
When people change their speech and words in order to indicate the relational state to whom they are talking to. (Give an example)
Convergence
A person’s move towards the style of talk used by the other speaker to show liking or respect
Divergence
A person’s move away from another style of speech to make a point, like showing dislike or authority
Accounts
Forms of communication to explain things beyond justifications and excuses. (Give an example)
Bald on record (politeness strategy)
when you just ask directly as you don’t need to worry about being super polite because you know you’re ok in the situation.
Positive politeness (politeness strategy)
You’re being friendly and making the other person feel happy.
Negative politeness (politeness strategy)
You’re being polite and careful because you don’t want to seem pushy
Off record (politeness strategy)
You hope the other person understands what you want without giving hints or stating it outright.
Avoidance
When a situation might make someone feel really bad or sad, so the respondent tries to avoid and not talk about it. (Give an example)
Syntax (concept from lecture)
The arrangement or words and phrases to create a well structured sentence.
Ladder of abstraction (concept from lecture)
Choosing to focus on a discussion of verbal communication very specifically or vaguely
Mirror theory of language (concept from lecture)
The way we use words to describe things around us. This often uses linguistic categories that reflects reality and are embedded in epistemology of empiricism.
Constructivism (concept from lecture)
Our language impacts the way we see and think about reality
Kenneth Burke’s Pentad (concept from lecture)
The connection between words result in extra meanings that go beyond the single meaning of words.
Pentad - 5 narratives to explain symbolic action ASAAP
- Act - what happened
- Situation - where the act happened
- Agent - who performed the act
- Agency - how the act was accomplished
- Purpose - why the act took place
