Chapter 3 - verbal communication

Question 1

Polysemy

Answer 1

The fact that multiple meanings can be associated with a given work, symbol or phrase. (Give an example)

Question 2

Denotative meaning

Answer 2

the general and direct meaning of a word.

Question 3

Connotative meaning

Answer 3

A secondary meaning associated with a given word and the extra feelings and ideas that word can evoke.

Question 4

Conversational hyptertext

Answer 4

Coded messages that only specific individuals get because you share history and experiences together. (Give an example)

Question 5

Feminine talk

Answer 5

Characterized as nurturing, harmonious and compromising

Question 6

Masculine talk

Answer 6

Characterized as tough, aggressive and competitive

Question 7

High context talk

Answer 7

Talk that relies heavily on context in which it takes place. (Give an example)

Question 8

Low context talk

Answer 8

Saying exactly what you mean using clear and straightforward words as messages is more important than the relationship. (Give an example)

Question 9

Collectivist talk

Answer 9

How everyone can warp together for the best outcome and ensure a group’s success and harmony. (Give an example)

Question 10

Individualist talk

Answer 10

Emphasizing your personal achievements and what you want to do for your success. (Give an example)

Question 11

Accommodation

Answer 11

When people change their speech and words in order to indicate the relational state to whom they are talking to. (Give an example)

Question 12

Convergence

Answer 12

A person’s move towards the style of talk used by the other speaker to show liking or respect

Question 13

Divergence

Answer 13

A person’s move away from another style of speech to make a point, like showing dislike or authority

Question 14

Accounts

Answer 14

Forms of communication to explain things beyond justifications and excuses. (Give an example)

Question 15

Bald on record (politeness strategy)

Answer 15

when you just ask directly as you don’t need to worry about being super polite because you know you’re ok in the situation.

Question 16

Positive politeness (politeness strategy)

Answer 16

You’re being friendly and making the other person feel happy.

Question 17

Negative politeness (politeness strategy)

Answer 17

You’re being polite and careful because you don’t want to seem pushy

Question 18

Off record (politeness strategy)

Answer 18

You hope the other person understands what you want without giving hints or stating it outright.

Question 19

Avoidance

Answer 19

When a situation might make someone feel really bad or sad, so the respondent tries to avoid and not talk about it. (Give an example)

Question 20

Syntax (concept from lecture)

Answer 20

The arrangement or words and phrases to create a well structured sentence.

Question 21

Ladder of abstraction (concept from lecture)

Answer 21

Choosing to focus on a discussion of verbal communication very specifically or vaguely

Question 22

Mirror theory of language (concept from lecture)

Answer 22

The way we use words to describe things around us. This often uses linguistic categories that reflects reality and are embedded in epistemology of empiricism.

Question 23

Constructivism (concept from lecture)

Answer 23

Our language impacts the way we see and think about reality

Question 24

Kenneth Burke’s Pentad (concept from lecture)

Answer 24

The connection between words result in extra meanings that go beyond the single meaning of words.

Pentad - 5 narratives to explain symbolic action ASAAP

1. Act - what happened
2. Situation - where the act happened
3. Agent - who performed the act
4. Agency - how the act was accomplished
5. Purpose - why the act took place