chapter 3 unit 4- language, cognitition, and moral development

Question 1

when do babies begin cooing

Answer 1

6-8 weeks

Question 2

when is nervous system mature enough to allow babbling

Answer 2

7 months

Question 3

connection between real words and objects form at what age

Answer 3

1 year

Question 4

telegraphic speech is?

Answer 4

simple 2 word sentences

Question 5

-biological disposition to develop language

-many feel he underestimated importance of nurture

Answer 5

noah chomsky

Question 6

-behaviors liketouching, vocalizing, gazing, smiling that allow nonverbal interaction

-establish pattern of turn taking

• foundation for later language use

Answer 6

system of signals

Question 7

-exaggerated pattern of speaking

-high pitched, shirt and simple sentences, repetition, and slower speech

-musical

Answer 7

motherese

Question 8

how is motherese beneficial

Answer 8

-gets babies attention, aids communication, teaches language

Question 9

organized, learned body of knowledge or skillls about a topic

Answer 9

schema

Question 10

__________ proposed that children’s thinking improves through mental processes called _____________ and _______________

Answer 10

piaget… assimilation… accommodation

Question 11

application of establishes schema to new objects or problems

Answer 11

assimilation

Question 12

existing schemas are modified to fit new objects or problems

Answer 12

accommodation

Question 13

-initial stage of development

-cannot create mental images

-lack object permanence

-coordinate info from sensory perceptions

Answer 13

sensorimotor stage

Question 14

• 2-7 years

-can form mental images but cannot use mental operations/transformations

-egocentric

-theory of mind (understanding that people have different mental states that vary

Answer 14

pre operational stage

Question 15

-7-11 years

-can carry mental operations m/transformations

mastery of conservation

Answer 15

concrete operational stage

Question 16

-11 and up

-ability to think abstract, theoretical, and hypothetical ideas

-self reflective thought and less egocentric

Answer 16

formal operational

Question 17

________ sociocultural theory

Answer 17

vygotsky

Question 18

range of tasks child cannot yet master alone

Answer 18

zone of proximal development

Question 19

-temporary framework of supports for learning new mental abilities

-ofer hints and guidance to match evolving abilities

-collaborative teaches cultural beliefs and values

Answer 19

scaffolding

Question 20

how we control our thinking in ways that allow us to develop plans and see them through

Answer 20

executive functions

Question 21

full intellectual ability is attained during the which stage?

Answer 21

according to piaget, the formal operational stage

Question 22

adults are capable of ___________ and ____________ reasoning

Answer 22

inductive and deductive

Question 23

development of values that guide responsible behavior, along with appropriate emotions and cognitions

Answer 23

moral development

Question 24

who held that we clarify our values through thinking and reasoning?

Answer 24

lawrence kohlberg

Question 25

-lowest level

-thinking is guided by consequences of actions

-young children

Answer 25

preconventional moral reasoning

Question 26

-based on desire to please others or follow accepted authority, rules, and values

-second level

-older children and adults

-becomes aware of wider rules of society

Answer 26

conventional moral reasoning

Question 27

-self chose ethical principals that are general, comprehensive, or universal

-emphasis on justice, dignity, and equality

-highest level

Answer 27

post conventional moral reasoning

Question 28

who identified issues with lawrence kohlbergs theory?

Answer 28

Carlo gillian

Question 29

-concerned mainly with fairness or justice

• does not consider harm or caring about others

-does not consider a woman’s concern with relationships, which can be perceived as a weakness

Answer 29

the issues of kohlbergs theory of moral development