chapter 3 unit 4- language, cognitition, and moral development Flashcards
when do babies begin cooing
6-8 weeks
when is nervous system mature enough to allow babbling
7 months
connection between real words and objects form at what age
1 year
telegraphic speech is?
simple 2 word sentences
-biological disposition to develop language
-many feel he underestimated importance of nurture
noah chomsky
-behaviors liketouching, vocalizing, gazing, smiling that allow nonverbal interaction
-establish pattern of turn taking
- foundation for later language use
system of signals
-exaggerated pattern of speaking
-high pitched, shirt and simple sentences, repetition, and slower speech
-musical
motherese
how is motherese beneficial
-gets babies attention, aids communication, teaches language
organized, learned body of knowledge or skillls about a topic
schema
__________ proposed that children’s thinking improves through mental processes called _____________ and _______________
piaget… assimilation… accommodation
application of establishes schema to new objects or problems
assimilation
existing schemas are modified to fit new objects or problems
accommodation
-initial stage of development
-cannot create mental images
-lack object permanence
-coordinate info from sensory perceptions
sensorimotor stage
- 2-7 years
-can form mental images but cannot use mental operations/transformations
-egocentric
-theory of mind (understanding that people have different mental states that vary
pre operational stage
-7-11 years
-can carry mental operations m/transformations
mastery of conservation
concrete operational stage
-11 and up
-ability to think abstract, theoretical, and hypothetical ideas
-self reflective thought and less egocentric
formal operational
________ sociocultural theory
vygotsky
range of tasks child cannot yet master alone
zone of proximal development
-temporary framework of supports for learning new mental abilities
-ofer hints and guidance to match evolving abilities
-collaborative teaches cultural beliefs and values
scaffolding
how we control our thinking in ways that allow us to develop plans and see them through
executive functions
full intellectual ability is attained during the which stage?
according to piaget, the formal operational stage
adults are capable of ___________ and ____________ reasoning
inductive and deductive
development of values that guide responsible behavior, along with appropriate emotions and cognitions
moral development
who held that we clarify our values through thinking and reasoning?
lawrence kohlberg
-lowest level
-thinking is guided by consequences of actions
-young children
preconventional moral reasoning
-based on desire to please others or follow accepted authority, rules, and values
-second level
-older children and adults
-becomes aware of wider rules of society
conventional moral reasoning
-self chose ethical principals that are general, comprehensive, or universal
-emphasis on justice, dignity, and equality
-highest level
post conventional moral reasoning
who identified issues with lawrence kohlbergs theory?
Carlo gillian
-concerned mainly with fairness or justice
- does not consider harm or caring about others
-does not consider a woman’s concern with relationships, which can be perceived as a weakness
the issues of kohlbergs theory of moral development
