Chapter 3 Transportation Flashcards
What is the need of a transport system in organisms
To obtain oxygen and nutrients needed for cell respiration and obtaining energy and for carbon dioxide and other waste products to be eliminated
Do simple organisms have a specialised transport system?
no
Do complex organisms have a specialised transport system?
Yes
Importance of the function of transport system in organisms
Eliminate toxic waste products from the cells in organisms and to produce energy through cellular respiration
What transport system do all vertebrates share the same
Blood circulatory system
Function of valves in the heart
Ensure blood flows in one direction only
What is the function of septum in the heart?
Prevents oxygenated blood from mixing with deoxygenated blood
What are the 3 human blood vessels?
Veins, arteries and capillaries
What is the structure of the Vein
Has valves, large lumen and thin walls
What is the structure of the Capillary
No valves, smallest lumen and thinnest walls
What is the structure of the Artery
No valves, small lumen and thick walls
Function of the vein
Transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the whole body
Function of the pulmonary vein
Transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Function of capillary
Allows the exchange of gases, food and waste products between the blood and body cells
Function of artery
Transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the whole body except the lungs
Function of pulmonary artery
Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Which of the 3 blood vessels has a pulse
Artery
What are the 2 types of blood circulatory system in humans and mammals?
Pulmonary Circulatory System
Systemic Circulatory System
Describe the cycle of the pulmonary circulatory system
Pulmonary artery > Lungs > Pulmonary Vein . heartDe
Describe the cycle of the systemic circulatory system
Artery > all parts of the body except the lungs > Vein > Heart
How does the heart produce a “dub” sound?
Produced by the closure of the semilunar valves at the aorta and pulmonary artery when relaxation of the ventricle occurs. This as known as diastole
How does the heart produce a “Lub” sound?
Produced by the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves at the atria and the ventricles when contraction of the ventricles occur. This is known as systole
What is used to read blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
How is pulse produced?
Produced by the contraction and relaxation of the muscular artery wall
What factors influence pulse rate?
Age, gender, body health
Why is blood a mixture?
Because it can be separated into 2 componenets
How is blood separated?
Using the centrifugal method with a centrifuge
What are the components of blood?
45% RBC, 1% WBC and platelets and 55% blood plasma
What is blood plasma made up of?
90% water and 10% dissolved substances including nutrients, C02, Enzymes and hormones
What are the 4 main blood groups?
A, B, AB and O
What happens if a person is given the wrong type of blood?
It can cause coagulation of blood to occur and cause death
Which blood is a universal donor?
Type O
Which blood is a universal recipient?
Type AB
What is blood donation used for?
Blood donation is required to treat patients with leukaemia, haemophilia
What is transpiration?
A process of water loss in the form of water vapour from the surface of leaves to the air through evaporation
How do plants reduce water loss during transpiration?
Secrete a waxy cuticle
Other than transpiration, how do plants lose water?
Exudation/Guttation
What is exudation?
Process of water loss from plants in liquid through hydathodes
When does guttation occur?
At night or when air humidity is high
What factors affect the rate of transpiration?
Temperature, Light intensity, Air Humidity and movement of air
Function of xylem
Transports water and dissolved mineral salts from the roots of the leaves through the stem to carry out photosynthesis
Function of phloem
Transport sucrose produced by leaves during photosynthesis to other parts of the plants
Where are the phloem and xylem found?
In the vascular bundle
