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ReScience > Chapter 3 Transportation > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Transportation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the need of a transport system in organisms

A

To obtain oxygen and nutrients needed for cell respiration and obtaining energy and for carbon dioxide and other waste products to be eliminated

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2
Q

Do simple organisms have a specialised transport system?

A

no

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3
Q

Do complex organisms have a specialised transport system?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Importance of the function of transport system in organisms

A

Eliminate toxic waste products from the cells in organisms and to produce energy through cellular respiration

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5
Q

What transport system do all vertebrates share the same

A

Blood circulatory system

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6
Q

Function of valves in the heart

A

Ensure blood flows in one direction only

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6
Q

What is the function of septum in the heart?

A

Prevents oxygenated blood from mixing with deoxygenated blood

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7
Q

What are the 3 human blood vessels?

A

Veins, arteries and capillaries

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8
Q

What is the structure of the Vein

A

Has valves, large lumen and thin walls

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9
Q

What is the structure of the Capillary

A

No valves, smallest lumen and thinnest walls

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10
Q

What is the structure of the Artery

A

No valves, small lumen and thick walls

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11
Q

Function of the vein

A

Transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the whole body

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12
Q

Function of the pulmonary vein

A

Transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

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13
Q

Function of capillary

A

Allows the exchange of gases, food and waste products between the blood and body cells

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14
Q

Function of artery

A

Transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the whole body except the lungs

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15
Q

Function of pulmonary artery

A

Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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16
Q

Which of the 3 blood vessels has a pulse

A

Artery

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of blood circulatory system in humans and mammals?

A

Pulmonary Circulatory System
Systemic Circulatory System

18
Q

Describe the cycle of the pulmonary circulatory system

A

Pulmonary artery > Lungs > Pulmonary Vein . heartDe

19
Q

Describe the cycle of the systemic circulatory system

A

Artery > all parts of the body except the lungs > Vein > Heart

20
Q

How does the heart produce a “dub” sound?

A

Produced by the closure of the semilunar valves at the aorta and pulmonary artery when relaxation of the ventricle occurs. This as known as diastole

21
Q

How does the heart produce a “Lub” sound?

A

Produced by the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves at the atria and the ventricles when contraction of the ventricles occur. This is known as systole

22
Q

What is used to read blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometer

23
Q

How is pulse produced?

A

Produced by the contraction and relaxation of the muscular artery wall

24
Q

What factors influence pulse rate?

A

Age, gender, body health

25
Q

Why is blood a mixture?

A

Because it can be separated into 2 componenets

26
Q

How is blood separated?

A

Using the centrifugal method with a centrifuge

27
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

45% RBC, 1% WBC and platelets and 55% blood plasma

28
Q

What is blood plasma made up of?

A

90% water and 10% dissolved substances including nutrients, C02, Enzymes and hormones

29
Q

What are the 4 main blood groups?

A

A, B, AB and O

30
Q

What happens if a person is given the wrong type of blood?

A

It can cause coagulation of blood to occur and cause death

31
Q

Which blood is a universal donor?

A

Type O

32
Q

Which blood is a universal recipient?

A

Type AB

33
Q

What is blood donation used for?

A

Blood donation is required to treat patients with leukaemia, haemophilia

34
Q

What is transpiration?

A

A process of water loss in the form of water vapour from the surface of leaves to the air through evaporation

35
Q

How do plants reduce water loss during transpiration?

A

Secrete a waxy cuticle

36
Q

Other than transpiration, how do plants lose water?

A

Exudation/Guttation

37
Q

What is exudation?

A

Process of water loss from plants in liquid through hydathodes

38
Q

When does guttation occur?

A

At night or when air humidity is high

39
Q

What factors affect the rate of transpiration?

A

Temperature, Light intensity, Air Humidity and movement of air

40
Q

Function of xylem

A

Transports water and dissolved mineral salts from the roots of the leaves through the stem to carry out photosynthesis

41
Q

Function of phloem

A

Transport sucrose produced by leaves during photosynthesis to other parts of the plants

42
Q

Where are the phloem and xylem found?

A

In the vascular bundle

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