Chapter 3: "The Chemistry Of Life" Flashcards
Compounds with the same molecular formulas but diff erent structures and thus diff erent properties are called:
Isomers.
Hydrocarbons:
Organic compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
There are three types of isomers, which are:
Structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers.
Structural isomers:
Are compounds that differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
Geometric isomers:
Are compounds that are identical in the arrangement of their covalent bonds but diff erent in the spatial ar-rangement of atoms or groups of atoms.
Are isomers that are mirror images of each other:
Enantiomers.
Because covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar, _________ lack distinct charged regions.
Hydrocarbons.
Functional groups:
Groups of atoms that determine the types of chemical reactions and associations in which the com-pound participates.
properties of the major classes of biologically important organic compounds—are largely a consequence of the types and arrangement of functional groups they contain.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
methyl group, a common nonpolar hydro-carbon group, is abbreviated .
ROCH3
hydroxyl group (abbreviated ROOH):
Is polar because of the presence of a strongly electronegative oxygen atom. Do not confuse it with the hydroxide ion, OH− .
If a hydroxyl group replaces a hydrogen atom, the resulting molecule is_______ , or ethanol, which is found in alcoholic beverages:
Ethyl alcohol.
Consists of a carbon atom that has a dou-ble covalent bond with an oxygen atom.
Carbonyl group.
aldehyde:
has a carbonyl group positioned at the end of the carbon skeleton (abbreviated ROCHO).
The carboxyl group (abbreviated ROCOOH):
In its non-ionized form consists of a carbon atom joined by a double covalent bond to an oxygen atom, and by a single covalent bond to another oxygen, which is in turn bonded to a hydrogen atom.
