Chapter 3 - The Cellular Level Of Organization

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

Form of transport across the cell membrane that requires input of cellular energy

Question 2

Amphipathic

Answer 2

Describes a molecule that exhibits a difference in polarity between its two ends, resulting in a difference in water solubility

Question 3

Anaphase

Answer 3

Third stage of mitosis (and meiosis), during which sister chromatids separate into two nuclear regions of a dividing cell

Question 4

Anticodon

Answer 4

Consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a specific codon on an mRNA molecule

Question 5

Autolysis

Answer 5

Breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action

Question 6

Autophagy

Answer 6

Lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components

Question 7

Cell cycle

Answer 7

Life cycle of a single cell, from its birth until its division into two new daughter cells

Question 8

Cell membrane; also known as plasma membrane

Answer 8

Membrane surrounding all animal cells, composed of a lipid bilayer interspersed with various molecules

Question 9

Centriole

Answer 9

Small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

Region of attachment for two sister chromatids

Question 11

Centrosome

Answer 11

Cellular structure that organizes microtubules during cell division

Question 12

Channel protein

Answer 12

Membrane-spanning protein that has an inner pore which allows the passage of one or more substances

Question 13

Checkpoint

Answer 13

Progress point in the cell cycle during which certain conditions must be met in order for the cell to proceed to a subsequence phase

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

Substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins

Question 15

Chromosome

Answer 15

Condensed version of chromatin

Question 16

Cilia

Answer 16

Small appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement of materials across the cellular surface

Question 17

Cleavage furrow

Answer 17

Contractile ring that forms around a cell during cytokinesis that pinches the cell into two halves

Question 18

Codon

Answer 18

Consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that corresponds to a specific amino acid

Question 19

Concentration gradient

Answer 19

Difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions

Question 20

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)

Answer 20

One of a group of enzymes associated with cyclins that help them perform their functions

Question 21

Cyclin

Answer 21

One of a group of proteins that function in the progression of the cell cycle

Question 22

Cytokinesis

Answer 22

Final stage in cell division, where the cytoplasm divides to form two separate daughter cells