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BIO 203 > Chapter 3 - The Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - The Cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The outer boundary of the cell; controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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1
Q

A fundamental organizing principle of biology that states a cell is the smallest unit of life

A

The cell theory

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2
Q

Movement across the membrane that doesn’t require energy

A

Passive transport

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3
Q

Movement of a substance following a concentration gradient; from high to low; end result is an equal distribution of the substance in two areas

A

Simple diffusion

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4
Q

Movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration with the aid of a membrane protein; use of carrier proteins

A

Facilitated diffusion

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5
Q

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from higher water concentration to lower.

A

Osmosis

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6
Q

Movement across the membrane that requires energy; lower to higher with aid of a carrier protein and energy

A

Active transport

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7
Q

A region of the plasma membrane engulfs the substance to be ingested and then pitches off from the rest of the membrane, enclosing the substances in a vesicles with travels through the cytoplasm

A

Endocytosis

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8
Q

Two types of Endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

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9
Q

Cell eating; large particles or bacteria

A

Phagocytosis

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10
Q

Cell drinking; droplets of fluid

A

Pinocytosis

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11
Q

Large molecules are enclosed in membrane-bound vesicles that travel to the plasma membrane where they are released to the outside

A

Exocytosis

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12
Q

Inside eukaryotic cells; membrane bound; different functions for the cell

A

Organelles

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13
Q

Contains almost all the genetic information of the cell, the DNA; surrounded by a nuclear envelope

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

Made of chromatin and other contents of the nucleus

A

Nucleoplasm

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15
Q

A specialized region within the nucleus, involved in the production of ribosomal RNA

A

Nucleolus

16
Q

An extensive network of channels connected to the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, and certain organelles

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

17
Q

Two types of ER

A

Rough and smooth

18
Q

Contains ribosomes that guide the production of cell products

A

Rough ER

19
Q

Lacks ribosomes; is involved in the production of phospholipids and detoxification

A

Smooth ER

20
Q

A series of interconnected, flattened membranous sacs

A

Golgi Complex

21
Q

Contains enzymes that break down macromolecules, old organelles, and invaders

A

Lysosomes

22
Q

Sites of cellular respiration, provide cell with energy through the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

Provides shape and support for the cell; is composed of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

A

Cytoskeleton

24
Q

A microtubule-organizing center located near the nucleus

A

Centriole

25
Q

Made of the protein tubulin; responsible for the structure and movement cilia and flagella

A

Microtubules

26
Q

Numerous short extensions in a cell that move back and forth

A

Cilia

27
Q

Larger than cilia and move in an undulating manner (in humans, only found in sperm cells)

A

Flagella

28
Q

Made of protein actin; function muscle contraction; form a band that pinches cell into two during cell division

A

Microfilaments

29
Q

Protein composition varies from one type of cell to another; diverse group of ropelike fibers that maintain cell shape and anchor organelles

A

Intermediate filaments

30
Q

Includes all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell; organized into metabolic pathways

A

Cell metabolism

31
Q

Cellular respiration requires ______ to break down _______ into final products

A

oxygen; glucose

32
Q

Occurs in the cytoplasm; split glucose into two pyruvate molecules; generates a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules; does not require oxygen; Phase One

A

Glycolysis

33
Q

Occurs within the mitochondria; CO2 is removed from each pyruvate; forms 2 acetyl CoA molecules; Phase 2

A

Transition reaction

34
Q

Occurs within the mitochondria; acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle; releases 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, and 6 NADH molecules; requires oxygen; phase 3

A

Citric acid cycle or Kreb’s cycle

35
Q

Occurs within the mitochondria; electrons of FADH2 and NADH are transferred from one protein to another, until they reach oxygen, releases energy that results in 32 ATP, requires oxygen, phase 4

A

Electron transport chain

36
Q

Breakdown of glucose without oxygen, takes place in the cytoplasm

A

Fermentation

BIO 203 (10 decks)

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