Chapter 11 - Blood

Question 0

Cellular components of blood, 45% of blood

Answer 0

Formed elements

Question 1

Liquid that makes up 55% of blood

Answer 1

Plasma

Question 2

Help balance water flow between blood and cells

Answer 2

Plasma proteins

Question 3

Important for blood’s water-balancing ability

Answer 3

Albumins

Question 4

Transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, some are antibodies

Answer 4

Globulins

Question 5

Give rise to the formed elements, within red blood marrow

Answer 5

Stem cells

Question 6

Formed elements

Answer 6

Platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells

Question 7

Sometimes called thrombocytes; fragments of larger precursor cells called megakaryocytes; essential to blood clotting

Answer 7

Platelets

Question 16

Also called leukocytes; have a nucleus; removes waste and helps defend body against disease

Answer 16

White blood cells

Question 17

Possess granules

Answer 17

Granulocytes

Question 18

Lack visible granules

Answer 18

Agranulocytes

Question 19

Engulf microbes by phagocytosis, thus curbing the spread of infection

Answer 19

Neutrophils

Question 20

Defend against parasitic worms; lessen the severity of allergies

Answer 20

Eosinophils

Question 21

Release histamine that attracts other white blood cells and causes the blood vessels to dilate; also play a role in some allergic reactions

Answer 21

Basophils

Question 22

Largest of the formed elements; develop into macrophages

Answer 22

Monocytes

Question 23

B and T

Answer 23

Lymphocytes

Question 24

Give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies

Answer 24

B lymphocytes

Question 25

Specialized white blood cells; kills cells not recognized as coming from the body, cells that are cancerous

Answer 25

T lymphocytes

Question 26

Proteins that recognize specific molecules (antigens) on the surface of invading microbes or other foreign cells

Answer 26

Antibodies

Question 27

Also called erythrocytes; transport oxygen to cells; no nucleus; contains hemoglobin

Answer 27

Red blood cells

Question 28

Oxygen-binding pigment in RBCs; molecule has four subunits; polypeptide chain and heme group

Answer 28

Hemoglobin

Question 29

Hemoglobin bound to oxygen

Answer 29

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 30

Kidney cells sense reduced oxygen and produce this hormone; stimulates the red blood marrow to produce more RBCs

Answer 30

Erythropoietin

Question 31

The blood’s ability to carry oxygen is reduced

Answer 31

Anemia

Question 32

Iron-deficiency, hemolytic anemia (sickle cell), pernicious anemia

Answer 32

Types of anemias

Question 33

Leads to inadequate hemoglobin production; an inability to absorb iron

Answer 33

Iron deficiency

Question 34

When red blood cell destruction exceeds production

Answer 34

Hemolytic anemia

Question 35

Caused by abnormal hemoglobin; RBCs in sickle shape

Answer 35

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 36

Occurs when there is insufficient production of RBCs; caused by failure to produce intrinsic factor

Answer 36

Pernicious anemia

Question 37

Viral disease of the lymphocytes caused by the Epstien-Barr virus

Answer 37

Infectious mononucleuosis

Question 38

A cancer of the WBCs that cause the number of WBCs too greatly increase

Answer 38

Leukemia