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Biology > Chapter 3 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Observed live cells and observed in greater detail

A

Leeuwenhoek

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1
Q

Was the first to identify cells and name them.

A

Hooke

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2
Q

Concluded that plants are made of cells

A

Schleiden

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3
Q

Concluded that animals and, in fact, all living things are made of cells

A

Schwann

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4
Q

Proposed that all cells come from other cells.

A

Virchow

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5
Q

The cell theory states that.
I. All organisms are made of organelles/cells.
II. All existing cells are produced by other living/dead cells.
III. The atom/cell is the most basic unit of life.

A

Cells; living; cell

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6
Q

Surrounded by a cell membrane

A

Eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell

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7
Q

Contains cytoplasm

A

Eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell

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8
Q

Contained a nucleus

A

Eukaryotic cell

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9
Q

Contains membrane-bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic cell

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10
Q

Tends to be microscopic in size

A

Eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell

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11
Q

Either single-called or multicellular

A

Eukaryotic cell

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12
Q

Only single-celled

A

Prokaryotic cell

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13
Q

The jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks and, in some type of cells or organelles, is called

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

________ cells have no nucleus

A

Prokaryotic cell

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15
Q 
Which of the following is not apart of the cell membrane?
A) it supports the shape of the cell
B) it assists in cell division
C) it positions organelles
D)it provides energy to the cell
A

D) it provides energy to the cell

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16
Q

Stores most of the genetic information of a cell

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

Helps in the production of proteins and lipids

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

Link amino acids to form proteins

A

Ribosomes

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19
Q

Processes, sorts, and delivers proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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20
Q

Carry certain molecules from place to place in a cell

A

Vesicles

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21
Q

Stores materials needed by the cell; may help provide support to plant cells

A

Vacuole

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22
Q

Contains enzymes that break down damaged and worn out cell parts, defends a cell from invaders

A

Lysosomes

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23
Q

Supplies energy to the cell by converting molecules from food into useable energy

A

Mitochondria

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24
Q

Organizes microtubles to form cilia and flagella for cell motion or the movement of fluids past a cell

A

Centriole

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25
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is a maze of folded membranes where_______and_______ are produced

A

Protein;lipids

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26
Q

The mitochondria converts food into_______that is useable by a cell

A

Energy

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27
Q

Strengthens the cell membrane

A

Cholesterol

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28
Q

Help make materials cross the membrane and are also part of the cytoskeleton

A

Proteins

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29
Q

Helps identify cell types

A

Carbohydrates

30
Q

True/false a membrane is fluid, because the phospholipids in each layer can move from side to side, in and out of the cell, by sliding past each other, and by spinning in circles.

A

False

31
Q

True/false a selective permeable membrane allows all molecules to cross

A

False

32
Q

A receptor/ phospholipid detects a signal molecule and carries out an action in response.

A

Receptor

33
Q

A ligand is a molecule that acts as a receptor/signal when it binds to a receptor/ signal

A

Signal; receptor

34
Q

A ligand can cross/ cannot cross the cell membrane can bind to an intracellular receptor

A

Can cross

35
Q

A ligand that can cross/ cannot cross the cell membrane can send a message to a cell by binding to/ taking off a membrane receptor,which then changes shape

A

Cannot cross; binding to

36
Q

The fluid mosaic model describes the arrangement of the________ that make up a cell membrane. The model includes both the fluidity of the membrane and the variety of molecules that make up the membrane.

A

Molecules

37
Q

Selective_________ means that the cell membrane allows some, but not all, molecules to cross

A

Permeability

38
Q

The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is called a

A

Concentration gradient

39
Q

A molecule that diffuses down a concentration gradient goes from an area of______ concentration to an area of______ concentration.

A

Higher;lower

40
Q

A cell may transport a substance in lysosomes/ vesicles if the substance is too large to cross the membrane.

A

Vesicles

41
Q

During endocytosis, the vesicle membrane fuses with a lysosome, and the membrane and it’s contents are broken down by lysosomal enzymes/ gradients.

A

Lysosomal enzymes

42
Q

Uses energy

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

43
Q

Takes substances into a cell

A

Endocytosis

44
Q

Releases substances outside a cell

A

Exocytosis

45
Q

Moves substances in vesicles

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

46
Q

Active transport/ phagocytosis is a term that means “cell eating”. It describe a type of endocytosis.

A

Phagocytosis

47
Q

Active transport/ facilitated diffusion drives molecules across a membrane against a concentration gradient.

A

Active transport

48
Q

Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientist?

A

Compound microscope

49
Q

The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life; and

A

All existing cells are produced by other living cells

50
Q

What is the term for the jellylike substance that is contained inside the cell membrane?

A

Cytoplasm

51
Q

Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell does not have a

A

Nucleus

52
Q

Specialized structure that work together inside a cell are called

A

Organelles

53
Q

Which of the following is a network of proteins that supports and gives shape to a cell?

A

Cytoskeleton

54
Q

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Process and deliver proteins

55
Q

Which of the following organelles can be found in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Ribosomes

56
Q

Which organelle contains enzymes that break down damaged cell parts?

A

Lysosomes

57
Q

What are the main differences between the plant and animal cell?

A

Plant cells have call walls and chloroplasts; animal cells do not

58
Q

Which model did scientists developto describe the cell membrane?

A

Fluid mosaic model

59
Q

Which word best describe the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Layered

60
Q

What is the phospholipid composed of?

A

A polor head and no polar tail

61
Q

Which phrase beat describes the property of selective permeability?

A

Some molecules pass

62
Q

A ligand produces a response Ina cell if it finds the right kind of

A

Receptor

63
Q

Which phrase best describes passive transport?

A

Requires no energy from the cell

64
Q

Water moves into the cell when the solution surrounding the cell is

A

Hypotonic

65
Q

What is the term for the division of water across a semipermeable membrane?

A

Osmosis

66
Q

The movement of molecule down a concentration gradient through transport proteins in the cell membrane is a type of

A

Facilitated diffusion

67
Q

The difference in the concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called a

A

Concentration gradient

68
Q

Unlike passive transport, active transport requires

A

Energy from the cell

69
Q

Which process uses protein to move molecules against a concentration gradient?

A

Active transport

70
Q

Cells use active transport proteins to

A

Obtain molecules they need

71
Q

A membrane-bound sac used to transport substances into and out of cells is a

A

Vesicle

72
Q

Which process I’d used to release insulin from pancreatic cells into the bloodstream?

A

Exocytosis

Biology (6 decks)

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