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Biology > Chapter 2 test > Flashcards

Chapter 2 test Flashcards

0
Q

The smallest unit of matter

A

Atom

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1
Q

Substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means.

A

Element

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2
Q

Substance made of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio

A

Compound

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3
Q

Chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic bond

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4
Q

Chemical bond formed when two atoms share two or more pairs of electrons

A

Covalent bond

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5
Q

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds;not necessarily a compound

A

Molecule

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6
Q

Atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

A

Ion

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7
Q

Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

A

Hydrogen bond

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8
Q

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

A

Cohesion

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9
Q

Attraction between molecules of different substances

A

Adhesion

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10
Q

Mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture

A

Solution

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11
Q

Substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution

A

Solvent

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12
Q

Compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution.

A

Acid

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13
Q

Measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution

A

pH

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14
Q

Compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution

A

Bases

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15
Q

Molecular subunit of a polymer

A

Monomer

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16
Q

Large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers

A

Polymer

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17
Q

Molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches

A

Carbohydrates

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18
Q

Non-polar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils

A

Lipids

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19
Q

Hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid

A

Fatty acid

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20
Q

Polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids

A

Protein

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21
Q

Molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

A

Amino acid

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22
Q

Polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides

A

Nucleic acid

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23
Q

Process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds

A

Chemical reaction

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24
Q

Substance that is changed by a chemical reaction

A

Reactant

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25
Q

Substance formed by a chemical reaction

A

Products

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26
Q

Amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms

A

Bond energy

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27
Q

Condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate

A

Equilibrium

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28
Q

Energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

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29
Q

Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy

A

Endothermic

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30
Q

Substance that decreases activation and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction

A

Catalyst

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31
Q

Protein that catalyze chemical reactions for organisms

A

Enzyme

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32
Q

Reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts

A

Substrate

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33
Q

Chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat

A

Exothermic

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34
Q

Particle with a positive electrical charge

A

Proton

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35
Q

Particle with a negative electrical charge

A

Electron

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36
Q

Particle with no electrical charge

A

Neutron

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37
Q

Dense center of an atom

A

Nucleus

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38
Q

Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are examples of ______.

A

Compounds

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39
Q

________ are made up of only one type of atom.

A

Elements

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40
Q

True/false. An atom becomes an ion when it’s number of protons changes.

A

False

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41
Q

True/false. Some ions are positively charged, and some ions have no charge.

A

False

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42
Q

True/false. The formation of an ion results in a full outermost energy level.

A

True

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43
Q

True/false. Ions usually form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

44
Q

Shared pairs of electrons fill the innermost/outermost energy levels of bonded atoms.

45
Q

Covalent bonds are generally very strong/weak.

46
Q

Two atoms may form several covalent bonds to share several pairs of protons/electrons.

47
Q

A molecule is held together by ionic/covalent bonds.

48
Q

True/false. Polar molecules have two regions with a slight positive charge.

49
Q

True/false. Water Is a polar molecule.

50
Q

True/false. Slightly charged regions of water molecules form hydrogen bonds.

51
Q 
Which property allows water to resist changes in temperature?
A. High specific heat 
B. cohesion
C. Adhesion 
D. Polarity
A

A. High specific heat

52
Q 
Which property causes water to form beads?
A. High specific heat 
B. cohesion
C. Adhesion 
D. Polarity
A

B. cohesion

53
Q 
Which property of water helps plants to transport water from their roots to their leaves?
A. High specific heat
B. cohesion
C. Adhesion
D. Polarity
A

C. Adhesion

54
Q

A solution is a mixture of substances that is evenly/unevenly distributed throughout the entire mixture.

55
Q

Blood plasma is an example of a solvent/solute.

56
Q

“Oil and water don’t mix” because a polar/nonpolar molecule can’t easily dissolve in a polar solvent.

57
Q

A ________ dissolves in a solution.

58
Q

True/false. Carbon atoms form the building blocks of most living things.

59
Q

True/false. Carbons outer energy level is full.

60
Q

True/false. Carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms.

61
Q

True/false. The three basic structures of carbon-based molecules are straight chain, bent chain, and ring.

62
Q

Provide energy; starches and sugar

A

Carbohydrate

63
Q

Store energy; fat and oils

64
Q

Building blocks of proteins; beans, meat, and nuts.

65
Q

Map for making proteins; RNA and DNA.

A

Nucleic acid

66
Q

The prefix mono- means “one,” and the prefix poly- means “many.” Which contains more molecules, a monomer or a polymer?

67
Q

During a chemical reaction, chemical bonds/solutes break and reform.

A

Chemical bonds

68
Q

Reactants/products are the substances changed during a chemical reaction.

69
Q

Bond energy is the amount of energy it takes to break a bond between two atoms/ions.

70
Q

Equilibrium occurs when reactants and products are made at the same rate/different rates.

A

The same rate

71
Q

True/false. Not all chemical reactions involve changes in energy.

72
Q

True/false. Activation energy is required for a chemical reaction to start.

73
Q

True/false. Some chemical reactions release more energy than the absorb, while others absorb more energy than they release.

74
Q

True/false. Chemical reactions can occur whether or not energy is added to the reactants.

75
Q

True/false. An Exothermic chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases.

76
Q

Substances changed during a chemical reaction.

77
Q

Substances made by a chemical reaction.

78
Q

Chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs.

A

Exothermic reaction

79
Q

Chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases.

A

Endothermic reaction

80
Q

Amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start.

A

Activation energy

81
Q

Amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms.

A

Bond energy

82
Q

State reached when reactants and products are made at the same rate.

A

Equilibrium

83
Q

Activation energy is the energy required to

A

Start a chemical reaction.

84
Q 
Which of the following can reduce the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place?
A.reactant
B. Product
C.catalyst
D.hydrogen bond
A

C.catalyst

85
Q

What happens to the speed of a chemical reaction when a catalyst is present?

A

It speeds up.

86
Q

What phrase best describes atoms?

A

Smallest basic units of matter.

87
Q

What cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means?

88
Q

What is a compound?

A

Atoms of different elements bonded together in certain ratios.

89
Q

And ion is formed when an atom gains or loses

90
Q

Atoms connected by covalent bonds share

A

Pairs of electrons.

91
Q

Hydrogen bonds can form between regions of polar molecules that are

A

Oppositely charged

92
Q

The attraction among molecules of different substances is called

93
Q

Why is water necessary to your body?

A

It dissolves and transports substances.

94
Q

What best describes a solvent?

A

Present in a greater concentration than solutes

95
Q

A solution with a high concentration of H+ ions

A

Is very acidic

96
Q

Carbon is unique due to the carbons atoms

A

Bonding properties

97
Q

What category of carbon-based molecules includes sugars and starches?

A

Carbohydrates

98
Q

Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all types of

99
Q

Proteins are composed of what molecules?

A

Amino acids

100
Q

DNA and RNA are two types of

A

Nucleic acids

101
Q

Chemical reactions change substances into different substances by

A

Breaking and forming chemical bonds

102
Q

What is the amount of energy that needs to be added for a chemical reaction to start?

A

Activation energy

103
Q

What phrase best describes an ectothermic chemical reaction?

A

Releases more energy than it absorbs

104
Q

Which phrase best describes the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction?

A

Decreases activation energy

105
Q

Enzymes affect chemical reactions in living organisms by

A

Weakening bonds in reactants

106
Q

The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on are called

A

Substrates

107
Q

Changes in temperature and pH can decrease an enzymes activity by breaking

A

Hydrogen bonds

Biology (6 decks)

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