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Biology > Biology Ch 5/6 > Flashcards

Biology Ch 5/6 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the major difference between binary fission and mitosis?

A

Binary fission- prokaryotes

Mitosis- eukaryotic cells

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1
Q

What type of offspring are produced by asexual reproduction?

A

Genetically identical

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2
Q

What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?

A

It doesn’t waste any energy trying to attract a mate.

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3
Q

The most common form of reproduction among prokaryotes

A

Binary fission

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4
Q

What is the main difference. Between binary fission and mitosis?

A

Binary fission occurs in single celled organisms only

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5
Q

Starfish the reproduce by splitting into pieces are reproduced by

A

Fragmentation

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6
Q

Vegetative reproduction, budding, and fragmentation are examples of

A

Asexual mitotic reproduction

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7
Q

How do gametes differ from somatic cells?

A

Gametes are sex cells ans somatic cells are body cells

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8
Q

A kidney cell is an example of what type of cell?

A

Somatic cell

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9
Q

How many chromosomes are in a gamete?

A

23

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10
Q

Which phase best describes the process of meiosis?

A

Produces haploid gametes

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11
Q

During which phase do homologous chromosomes separate?

A

Anaphase 1

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12
Q

During which phase do sister chromatids separate?

A

Anaphase 2

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13
Q

What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis 2?

A

They are divided

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14
Q

Gametogenesis is the term for

A

The production of gametes

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15
Q

What does an egg contribute to the embryo that a sperm does not have?

A

Organelles

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16
Q

What are the four stages of the cell cycle?

A

Gap 1, synthesis, gap 2, mitosis

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17
Q

What two processes make up the M phase of the cell cycle?

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

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18
Q

The process of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two identical

A

Daughter cells

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19
Q

The process of organizing and condensing DNA into its compact form takes place at the start of

A

Interphase

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20
Q

Which is the term for the group of proteins that organizes and condenses long strands of DNA into tight cells?

A

Histones

21
Q

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?

A

Anaphase

22
Q

What is true of cytokinesis?

A

Completes the cell cycle

23
Q

In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and it’s contents divide?

A

Mitosis

24
Q

During the gap 1 stage of the cell cycle, a cell

A

Carries out its normal functions

25
Q

What phrase best describes cytokinesis?

A

Division of the cytoplasm

26
Q

What is the limit of the maximum size of a cell

A

The ratio of cell surface area to volume

27
Q

What role do histones play In a cell?

A

DNA wraps Around organizing proteins

28
Q

Each half of the duplicated chromosome

A

Chromatid

29
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

30
Q

How does a benign tumor differ from a malignant tumor?

A

Benign tumors are clumped and malignant tumors break away

31
Q

Proteins that bind to cells and simulate cell division are called

A

Growth factors

32
Q

What is the term for programmed cell death?

A

Apoptosis

33
Q

Two internal factors that are important in advancing the cell cycle are

A

Kinases and cyclins

34
Q

What phrase best describes cancer

A

Uncontrolled cell growth

35
Q

Substances known to produce or promote cancer are called

A

Carcinogens

36
Q

Step during the cell cycle when: cells grow, carry out normal function, and copy their organelles

A

Gap 1

37
Q

Step in the cell cycle when cells go through additional growth

A

Gap 2

38
Q

In the cell cycle when cells undergo cell division, which involves both mitosis and cytokinesis

A

Mitosise

39
Q

Step in the cell cycle when cells replicate DNA

A

Synthesis

40
Q

One long continuous thread of DNA that has many genes and regulatory info

A

Chromosome

41
Q

Cells must pass through a critical checkpoint doing what two stages of the cell cycle

A

Gap 1 and gap 2

42
Q

What two processes make up the mitosis stage

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

43
Q

Stage where cells carry out normal function but are unlikely to divide

A

G0

44
Q

Interface prepares a cell to divide by ______ it’s DNA and organelles

A

Dividing

45
Q

DNA wraps around organized proteins called

A

Histones

46
Q

Sexual reproduction produces genetically _____ offspring

A

Unique

47
Q

Asexual reproduction produces genetically_____ offspring

A

Identical

48
Q

Number of chromosomes in a typical human body cell

A

46

49
Q

Where are gametes located

A

Sex sells

50
Q

What are the two major groups of cell types in the human body

A

Somatic cells and gametes

51
Q

Where is mitotic reproduction most common

A

Simple plants and animals

Biology (6 decks)

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