Biology Ch 5/6 Flashcards
What is the major difference between binary fission and mitosis?
Binary fission- prokaryotes
Mitosis- eukaryotic cells
What type of offspring are produced by asexual reproduction?
Genetically identical
What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?
It doesn’t waste any energy trying to attract a mate.
The most common form of reproduction among prokaryotes
Binary fission
What is the main difference. Between binary fission and mitosis?
Binary fission occurs in single celled organisms only
Starfish the reproduce by splitting into pieces are reproduced by
Fragmentation
Vegetative reproduction, budding, and fragmentation are examples of
Asexual mitotic reproduction
How do gametes differ from somatic cells?
Gametes are sex cells ans somatic cells are body cells
A kidney cell is an example of what type of cell?
Somatic cell
How many chromosomes are in a gamete?
23
Which phase best describes the process of meiosis?
Produces haploid gametes
During which phase do homologous chromosomes separate?
Anaphase 1
During which phase do sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase 2
What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis 2?
They are divided
Gametogenesis is the term for
The production of gametes
What does an egg contribute to the embryo that a sperm does not have?
Organelles
What are the four stages of the cell cycle?
Gap 1, synthesis, gap 2, mitosis
What two processes make up the M phase of the cell cycle?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
The process of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two identical
Daughter cells
The process of organizing and condensing DNA into its compact form takes place at the start of
Interphase
Which is the term for the group of proteins that organizes and condenses long strands of DNA into tight cells?
Histones
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?
Anaphase
What is true of cytokinesis?
Completes the cell cycle
In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and it’s contents divide?
Mitosis
During the gap 1 stage of the cell cycle, a cell
Carries out its normal functions
What phrase best describes cytokinesis?
Division of the cytoplasm
What is the limit of the maximum size of a cell
The ratio of cell surface area to volume
What role do histones play In a cell?
DNA wraps Around organizing proteins
Each half of the duplicated chromosome
Chromatid
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
How does a benign tumor differ from a malignant tumor?
Benign tumors are clumped and malignant tumors break away
Proteins that bind to cells and simulate cell division are called
Growth factors
What is the term for programmed cell death?
Apoptosis
Two internal factors that are important in advancing the cell cycle are
Kinases and cyclins
What phrase best describes cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth
Substances known to produce or promote cancer are called
Carcinogens
Step during the cell cycle when: cells grow, carry out normal function, and copy their organelles
Gap 1
Step in the cell cycle when cells go through additional growth
Gap 2
In the cell cycle when cells undergo cell division, which involves both mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosise
Step in the cell cycle when cells replicate DNA
Synthesis
One long continuous thread of DNA that has many genes and regulatory info
Chromosome
Cells must pass through a critical checkpoint doing what two stages of the cell cycle
Gap 1 and gap 2
What two processes make up the mitosis stage
Mitosis and cytokinesis
Stage where cells carry out normal function but are unlikely to divide
G0
Interface prepares a cell to divide by ______ it’s DNA and organelles
Dividing
DNA wraps around organized proteins called
Histones
Sexual reproduction produces genetically _____ offspring
Unique
Asexual reproduction produces genetically_____ offspring
Identical
Number of chromosomes in a typical human body cell
46
Where are gametes located
Sex sells
What are the two major groups of cell types in the human body
Somatic cells and gametes
Where is mitotic reproduction most common
Simple plants and animals
