Chapter 3 - Terms

Question 1

Social environment

Answer 1

The entire human environment, including interaction with others.

Question 2

Feral children

Answer 2

children assumed to have been raised animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans.

Question 3

Socialization

Answer 3

The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group – the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms, and actions thought appropriate for them.

Question 4

Self

Answer 4

the unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves “from the outside”; the views we internalize of how others see us.

Question 5

Looking-glass self

Answer 5

A term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others’ reactions to us.

Question 6

Take the role of the other

Answer 6

Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks so you anticipate how that person will act.

Question 7

Significant others

Answer 7

an individual who significantly influences someone else.

Question 8

Generalized other

Answer 8

the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people “in general”; the child’s ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self.

Question 9

id

Answer 9

Freud’s term for our inborn basic drives

Question 10

Psychoanalysis

Answer 10

a technique for treating emotional problems through long-term exploration of the subconscious mind.

Question 11

Ego –

Answer 11

Freud’s term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society.

Question 12

Superego

Answer 12

– Freud’s term for the conscience; the internalized norms and values of our social groups.

Question 13

Gender –

Answer 13

The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females; mascunlity or feminity.

Question 14

Gender/map gender socialization

Answer 14

– Learning society’s “gender map,” the paths in life set out for us because we are male or female.

Question 15

Peer group

Answer 15

– a group of individuals, often of roughly the same age, who are linked by common interests and orientation

Question 16

Mass media

Answer 16

• forms of communication, such as radio, newspaper, and television that are directed to mass media.

Question 17

Gender

Answer 17

– the behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females; masculinity or feminity

Question 18

Social inequality

Answer 18

– A social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others.

Question 19

Agents of socialization

Answer 19

– People or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations towards life.

Question 20

Manifest function –

Answer 20

The intended beneficial consequences of people’s actions.

Question 21

Latent function

Answer 21

– Unintended beneficial consequences of people’s actions.

Question 22

Anticipatory socialization –

Answer 22

the process of learning in advance an anticipated future roles or status.

Question 23

Resocialization

Answer 23

– The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.

Question 24

Total institution –

Answer 24

a place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut off from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off from them.

Question 25

Degradation ceremony

Answer 25

• A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone’s self by stripping away that individual’s self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place.

Question 26

Life course

Answer 26

– the stages of our life as we go from birth to death.

Question 27

Transitional adulthood

Answer 27

– A term that refers to a period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood also called adultescence

Question 28

Transitional older years

Answer 28

– an emerging stage of the life course between retirement and when people are considered old about age 63 to 74