Chapter 3 SG Flashcards
Unitary System
A form of government where power is derived from the national government
Block Grants
Broad sums of money given to the states
Conditions of Aid
Through categorical grants, the national government can bribe the states to do something in exchange for money
Dual Federalism
A form of government where the national and state governments rule separately and equally in their own spheres
Grants-in-Aid
Two types (categorical and block); national government will supply states with money
McCulloch vs. Maryland
Established a national bank, justified, under the elastic clause; defined relationship between the national and state governments
New Federalism
Return of power to the states; shift from categorical to block grants
Revenue Sharing
National government would supply unrestricted grants to state and local governments
Ex Post Facto Laws
Congress can’t penalize someone for committing a crime before it was even a crime
Project/Formula Grants
Two types of categorical grants
Project grants: give money to states as long as states use money for intended purpose
Formula grants: reimbursed on how successful project is
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Declares that each state has to respect the individual laws of every other state; with documents
Implied Powers
Congress can enforce these laws they deem necessary and proper
Enumerated Powers
Strictly listed powers the legislative branch has the power to enforce
Cooperative Federalism
Type of government where both the national and state governments have similar responsibilities and their duties overlap
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Ensures that citizens of each state are granted the same rights as citizens of any other state
Bill of Attainder
Declares an act illegal without the process of a judicial trial
16th Amendment
Congress can levy and collect taxes from other states
Devolution
The transfer of power to a lower level; scaling back of the federal government
Commerce Clause
Congress has the power to regulate anything that moves across state borders
Fiscal Federalism
Division of financial relations among different levels of governments; issues a pattern of taxing, spending, and paying grant in aids to the states
Categorical Grants
A type of grant in aid where Congress funds money to states who have applied with a specific issue in mind for what the money is used for
Confederal System
A form of government where all of the power is derived from the states
Federal System
A form of government where power is shared from the national and state governments
Mandates
Laws issued to the states that they are required to obey
Elastic Clause
Congress has the paler to propose and pass new laws that they deem necessary and proper
U.S. vs. Lopez
Establish gun free school zones; struck down because infringe upon states right to govern education; halted cooperative federalism
Tenth Amendment
Describe the states reserved, or police, powers; anything not stated in the constitution is reserved to the states
Unfunded Mandates
National laws that force states and local governments to adhere with the federal rules being enforced
Inherent Powers
Powers that the national government has to be in control of such as making foreign treaties
Extradition
Act of transferring someone who has committed a crime to the original state where the crime was committed
Supremacy Clause
Ruling that the national government is supreme over the state governments
Reserved/Police Powers
Declares that each state has the power to make their own laws regarding the public welfare and safety of their citizens
Concurrent Powers
Powers that both the national and state governments share
17th Amendment
Direct election of senators; expand national power
State Sovereignty
Power of a state to govern themselves
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Between New York and New Jersey over who would have control over the Hudson River… it was national government’s power… establish commerce clause
