Chapter 3- Sensation & Perception Flashcards
Sensation
The awareness that a receptor is simulated
Perception
Organizing and interpreting sensory input
Psychophysics
Study of relationship between physical events and corresponding experience w those events
Absolute Threshold
Smallest amount of stimulus needed in order to detect a stimulus is present.
Vision: single candle 30 miles perf conditions
Hear: Tick of watch from 20 ft away
Smell: 1 drop perfume 6-room apt
Taste: 1 tsp of sugar in 2 gallons of water
Touch: Wing of bee in cheek, dropped from 1cm
Just-Noticeable Difference
The size of difference in a stimulus needed to notice a change.
Ex: water temp, change light, temp in room
Weber’s Law
A percentage of change is necessary to detect a difference.
Ex 400 lb person and 100 lb person loose 70 lbs. Who will u notice first? 100 lb since they are smaller have less weight to loose
Blind spot
Hole in vision, don’t be access too, can’t see naturally fill in the rest
Optic Nerve
Pathway carries visual info from eye to brain
Rods
located in eye, 100-120 million very sensitive to light, only register shades of grey
Cones
located in eye 5-6 million, sensitive to wavelength, allow color vision
Theory of color vision
red vs green
blue vs yellow
black vs white
Proximity
How far things are in relation to each other
Gestalt Psychology
Thought idea of whole was differ than sum, objects vs sum of parts
Closure
filling in gaps to make sense of something
Bottom-Up Process
initiated by stimulus input
Ex: going to concert and not knowing song list
Top Down
Guided by expectations
Ex going to concert after studying concert list
Perpetual Set
Sum of your assumptions that lead you to expect certain objects.
Ex 2 people can look at same thing, same time and see different, perspective
Pop-out
The difference in stimulus; obvious, immediate change
Repetition blindness
inability to see the second occurrence of a stimulus that appears twice in succession.
Change blindness
Do not notice a significant difference in the background/obvious changes when focusing on something else
Stroop test
takes place in frontal lobe; used for testing brain damage, ADHD, addictions, depression, dementia
Sensation»_space;»> Perception
Stimulus Energy (light, sound), Sensory Receptors (eyes, ears), Neural Impulses, Brain (visual, auditory) occipital lobe
Somesthetic senses
Perceiving body’s position in space
Kinesthetic sense
movement and position of limbs
Ex sports
Perpetual Set
Sum of your assumptions that lead you to expect certain objects.
Ex 2 people can look at same thing, same time and see different, perspective
Pop-out
The difference in stimulus; obvious, immediate change
Repetition blindness
inability to see the second occurrence of a stimulus that appears twice in succession.
Change blindness
Do not notice a significant difference in the background/obvious changes when focusing on something else
Stroop test
takes place in frontal lobe; used for testing brain damage, ADHD, addictions, depression, dementia
Sensation»_space;»> Perception
Stimulus Energy (light, sound), Sensory Receptors (eyes, ears), Neural Impulses, Brain (visual, auditory) occipital lobe
Somesthetic senses
Perceiving body’s position in space
Kinesthetic sense
movement and position of limbs
Ex sports
Absolute thresholds limits
VISION; single flame 30 miles on dark clear night
HEARING: Tick if a watch from 20 feet in total quiet
SMELL: 1 drop perfume in 6-room apt
TASTE: 1 tsp sugar in 2 gallons
TOUCH: Wing of a been on cheek, dropped 1 cm
Transduction
Physical energy is converted to neural impulses
Pupil
What allows light in, black hole in eye
Iris
colored part, determines amt of light coming in and size of pupil
Cornea
Clear protective covering
Color blind
Unable to distinguish red from green, not real color blind have trouble w hue
Vestibular sense
sense of balance
Congenital
insensibility to pain
