Chapter 1-Psychological Science Flashcards
Psychology
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Correlation Research
Studies that investigate relationship between two or more measured variables.
*Strength and direction
Ex height/weight, age/health
/ positive 0&1.0
\ negative 0&-1.0
- zero
Dependent Variable
Measures to determine the effect of the independent variable; results: amount of sweat
Independent Variable
Manipulated by investigator; x vs y ; what is changing to cause different results: Dancing vs no dancing
Population
Complete set of individuals, objects or scores that investigator is interested in studying.
Sample
Smaller group pulled from the population that will be used in the experiment
Functionalism
How people work, play and adapt to their surroundings. Influenced by Charles Darwin/natural selection
Objective Introspection
learning to think objectively about ones own own thoughts
Consciousness
State of being aware of external events
Perceiving
Becoming aware of something through senses
Sensing
seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting or smelling something
Mental Processes
internal hidden activity of our minds
Control
Lab rats drinking energy drinks to problem solve
Prediction
Suggests change must occur in science field
Replicate
Performing exact experiment and getting same results
Observer Effect
Won’t act the same with out people watching
Participant Observation
Using one way mirrors
Observer Bias
Person doing observations has particular opinion about what he or she expects
Blind Observers
Don’t know what to expect when going into experiment
Psychodynamic thinking
Role of unconscious mind and its influence on conscious behavior; early childhood experiences, self motivation
Behavioral thinking
How behavioral responses learned through classical or operant conditioning
Humanistic thinking
Human potential, free will, possibility of self actualization
Cognitive thinking
Memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem solving, language and learning
Sociocultural thinking
Behavior of people as result of presence of other individuals
Bio Psychological thinking
Hormones, brain structure, chemicals, disease
Evolutionary thinking
Biological bases for universal mental characteristics like why we lie, attractiveness, fear, joy
How have we acquired knowledge?
- Authority
- Intuition (insight that springs into consciousness )
- Scientific Method ** used
Levels of Analysis
Group>Person>Brain
How have we acquired knowledge?
- Authority
- Intuition (insight that springs into consciousness )
- Scientific Method ** used
Levels of Analysis
Group>Person>Brain
Random Assignment
Participants are placed by chance into experimental or control group
