CHAPTER 3: SAMPLING AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Question 1

It involves the collection of data from every element of the population.

Answer 1

Census or Complete Enumeration

Question 2

What does the abbreviation NSO stand for?

Answer 2

National Statistics Office

Question 3

Advantages of sampling

Answer 3

1. More economical
2. Requires less time to accomplish
3. Sampling allows a wider scope for the study (smaller samples = more questions allowed)
4. Results of studies based on a sample can even be more accurate (can hire experienced and better-qualified personnel for carrying out the data collection, producing fewer measurement errors and more accurate results)
5. Sampling is sometimes the only feasible method.

Question 4

The population we want to study

Answer 4

Target Population

Question 5

The population from where we actually select the sample

Answer 5

Sampled Population

Question 6

Member of the population whose measurement on the variable of interest is what we wish to examine

Answer 6

Elementary Unit or Element

Question 7

Unit of the population that we select in our sample

Answer 7

Sampling Unit

Question 8

List of map showing all the sampling units in the population

Answer 8

Sampling Frame or Frame

Question 9

Error attributed to the variation present among the computed values of the statistic from different possible samples consisting of n elements

Answer 9

Sampling Error

Question 10

Error from other sources apart from sampling fluctuations

Answer 10

Nonsampling Error

Question 11

Error that occurs when we collect data from a sample and not from all the elements in the population (innate error in results based from a sample)

Answer 11

Sampling Error

Question 12

2 Classifications of nonsampling error

Answer 12

1. Measurement Error
   - Instrument Error
   - Response Error (Response and Nonresponse Bias)
   - Processing Error
   - Interviewer Bias
   - Surrogate Information Error
2. Error in the Implementation of the Sampling Design
   - Selection Error
   - Frame Error
   - Population Specification Error

Question 13

Method of selecting a sample wherein each element in the population has a known, nonzero chance of being included in the sample

Answer 13

Probability Sampling

All elements in sampled population must be included in selection process

Question 14

What is the method of selecting a sample that’s opposite of probability sampling?

Answer 14

Nonprobability Sampling

Question 15

True or False

In probability sampling, the chance given to each one of the elements need not to be equal to each other.

Answer 15

True

What’s important is that we know the probability of inclusion in the sample for each one of the elements in the population

Question 16

Enumerate

What are the 5 examples of probability sampling techniques?

Answer 16

• Simple Random Sampling (either SRSWR or SRSWOR)
• Stratified Sampling
• Systematic Sampling
• Multistage Sampling

Question 17

It is a probability sampling method wherein all possible subsets consisting of n elements selected from the N elements of the population have the same chances of selection

Answer 17

Simple Random Sampling

Question 18

What’s the SRS?

all the n elements must be distinct from each other

Answer 18

Simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR)

Question 19

What’s the SRS?

n elements can be selected more than once to be part of a sample

Answer 19

Simple random sampling with replacement (SRSWR)

Question 20

True or False

SRS makes it possible to get reliable estimates from a large sample so long as the elements are homogenous with respect to the characteristic under study

Answer 20

False

It is reliable with the small sample

It means that different values of the variable of interest taken from each element of the population are not too different from one another

Question 21

A probability sampling method where we divide the populatuon into nonoverlapping subpopulations

Answer 21

Stratified Sampling

elements are homogenous within each strata, and heterogenous throughout

Stratified Random Sampling if SRSWOR is being used to select the elements for all of the strata

Question 22

Probability sampling method wherein the selection of the first element is at random and the selection of other elements in the sample is systematic by subsequently taking every kth element from the random start, where k is the _________.

Answer 22

Systematic Sampling, sampling interval

Question 23

True or False

It is possible to not select a sample using systematic sampling even if there is no available list of all elements in the population

Answer 23

False

It is possible because there is a clear method of assigning a unique serial number to each one of the elements in the population.

Question 24

Probability sampling method wherein we divide the population into nonoverlapping groups consisting of one or more elements and the selected groups will be the sample

Answer 24

Cluster Sampling

elements are heterogenous within each cluster (mini population) but are homogenous with respect to the characteristic under study

Question 25

Probability sampling method where there is a hierarchical configuration of sampling units and we select a sample of these units in stages

Answer 25

Multistage Sampling

Question 26

True or False

Four and five-stage sampling are less common in practice because the analysis are more complicated and the reliability of the estimates are usually overly compromised

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False

Multistage sampling is the natural extension of one-stage cluster sampling.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Sampling method that does not make use of any randomization mechanism in identifying the sampling units included in the sample

Answer 28

Nonprobability sampling

Question 29

Nonprobability sampling method that consists the sample of elements that are most accessible or easiest to contact

Answer 29

Haphazard or Convenience Sampling

Question 30

Nonprobability sampling method where the researcher chooses a sample that agrees with their subjective judgment of a representative sample

Answer 30

Judgment or Purposive Sampling

Selecting a sample may also be inquired through a professional

Question 31

Nonprobability sampling method of the stratified sampling

Answer 31

Quota Sampling

The researcher chooses the grouping or strata in the study but the selection of the sampling units within the stratum does not make use of a probability sampling method.