CHAPTER 11: RATIOS

Question 1

Expresses the size of one measure (number x) with respect to the size of another measure (number y)

Answer 1

Ratio

Question 2

x:y is expressed as…

Answer 2

“x is to y”

Question 3

When the measure x is divided by the measure y

Answer 3

Ratio to one

Question 4

the measure y in the denominator is referred to as…

Answer 4

“base”

Question 5

The relationship of x to y expressed as ratio to any number such as 10 or 100

Answer 5

Percentage

Question 6

A ratio that expresses the size of a part in relation to the size of the total collection which includes that part

Answer 6

Proportion or Distribution Ratio

Question 7

A ratio that expresses the size of a part in a collection to another part in the same collection

Answer 7

Interclass Ratio

Question 8

A ratio that specifically refers to the measure of one variable considered in relation to one unit of a different variable

Answer 8

Rate

Question 9

A ratio that expresses the value in a time series in terms of the value in another time period called the “base period”

Answer 9

Simple Relative

Question 10

Simple relative when the base period is fixed and expressed in percentage

Answer 10

Percent Relative Series

Question 11

Measures the absolute change in percent relatives and is affected by the base period

Answer 11

Percentage Points of Change

Question 12

Measures the relative change in percent relatives and is NOT affected by the base period

Answer 12

Percent Change

Question 13

Simple relative when the base period is the preceding year so that the base period moves and expressed in percentage

Answer 13

Link Relative Series

Question 14

The simple relative in period b with respect to period a, denoted by _________, is defined as __________

Answer 14

P a|b, P a|b = P b/P a

Question 15

Property that implies that the simple relative for a given period with respect to the same period is 1 or 100%

Answer 15

Identity Property: P a|a = 1

Question 16

Property that implies that if two periods are interchanged, the corresponding simple relatives are reciprocals of each other

Answer 16

Time-Reversal Property: P a|b P b|a = 1 or P a|b = 1/P b|a

Question 17

Identify the property:

P a|b P b|c P c|a = 1

Answer 17

Circular Property

Question 18

Identify the property:

P a|b P b|c = P a|c

Answer 18

Modified Circular Property

Question 19

Change that is measured in terms of the unit used to measure the two quantities

Answer 19

Absolute Change

Question 20

Change that is often expressed in percentage

Answer 20

Relative Change

Question 21

Averaging of ratio where the ratio with the largest base is given the greatest importance

Answer 21

Weighted Mean

Question 22

Averaging of ratios where all values are given the same weights

Answer 22

Simple Arithmetic Mean

Question 23

The average of a collection of measurements consisting of ratios wherein the ratios with larger bases are given heavier weights

Answer 23

Ratio of Sums or Means (R)

Question 24

An averaging link relative that is defined only for data sets that contain positive observations where for any set of n positive numbers and is defined as the nth root of their product

Answer 24

Geometric Mean (G)

Question 25

An averaging rate where for any set of n positive integers it is given by the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the observations

Answer 25

Harmonic Mean (H)

Question 26

Can be used as a measure of central tendency when a data set contains values that represent rates that all have the same number of units in the numerator

Answer 26

Harmonic Mean (H)

Question 27

Values of a variable arranged in a time sequence

Answer 27

time series

Question 28

What are the advantages of ratio to one?

Answer 28

• Easier to work with small numbers rather than large numbers
• Facilitates the comparison of different ratios when their bases are all equal to 1

Question 29

The base period is usually identified for reporting purposes as…

Answer 29

“base period = 100”